Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/turu

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

    The core meaning appears to be vine; line; string as a noun, and to hang down, as a line or string; to form or take the shape of a line or string (both transitive and intransitive) as a verb.

    Cognate with *tura (“vine; line, string; line (of things), queue, procession”).

    Pronunciation

    Accent class: 2.2

    Noun

    *turu

    1. a vine
    2. a line or string
    Descendants
    vine
    • Old Japanese: 蔓 (turu)
      • Japanese: 蔓 (tsuru)
    • Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu
      • Northern Ryukyuan:
        • Northern Amami Ōshima: 蔓 (tsïru)
      • Southern Ryukyuan:
        • Miyako: 蔓 (tsïru)
        • Yonaguni: 蔓 (chirun)
    line, string
    • Old Japanese: 弦 (turu)
      • Japanese: 弦 (tsuru, “bowstring; musical instrument string; metal handle attached to both sides of a pot, under which the pot hangs”)
    • Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu
      • Northern Ryukyuan:
        • Okinawan: 弦 (chiru)
        • Okinoerabu: 弦 (chiru)
      • Southern Ryukyuan:
        • Yonaguni: 弦 (chirun)

    Etymology 2

      Appears to be distinct from *turu meaning vine; line; string; to hang.

      Vovin (2008) considers it possibly related to an ancestor of Korean 두루미 (durumi, “crane”), with a Pre-Proto-Japonic root-final -m vanishing later, leaving only a Kansai accent pattern behind (see pronunciation section below).[1] May ultimately be a regional Wanderwort. Compare also Proto-Turkic *turunya (“crane”) (whence Turkish turna), Mongolian тогоруу (togoruu, “crane”), Hungarian daru (“crane”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

      Pronunciation

      • Accent class: 2.5x
        • The Proto-Ryukyuan accent is irregular.

      Noun

      *turu

      1. a crane (large, long-legged and long-necked bird of the family Gruidae)
      Descendants
      • Old Japanese: 鶴 (turu)
        • Japanese: 鶴 (tsuru)
      • Proto-Ryukyuan: *turu (tone class A)
          • Northern Ryukyuan:
            • Kikai: 鶴 (turu)
            • Kunigami: 鶴 (chirū /⁠tɕìɾúː⁠/)
            • Northern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tsïru)
            • Okinawan: 鶴 (tsiru /⁠tsíɾù⁠/)
            • Okinoerabu: 鶴 (tsuru /⁠tsùɾú⁠/)
            • Southern Amami Ōshima: 鶴 (tïru /⁠tɨ̀ɾû⁠/)
            • ⇒ Tokunoshima: 鶴ん鳥 (tsïruntui) (< *turu-n-tui)
          • Southern Ryukyuan:
            • Miyako: 鶴 (churu)
            • Yaeyama: 鶴 (tsïru /⁠tsɨ́ɾù⁠/)
            • ⇒ Yonaguni: 鶴鳩 (chiru-hatu /⁠tɕìɾû.hàtù⁠/) (< *turu-pato)

      References

      1. ^ Bjarke Frellesvig and John Whitman, editors (2008), chapter 7, in Proto-Japanese: Issues and Prospects, Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Proto-Japanese beyond the accent system, pages 140-156
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