Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/pana

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Noun

*pana

flower

Descendants

Old Japanese: 花 (pana)
- Japanese: 花 (hana)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
- Northern Ryukyuan: [Term?] (/⁠faɁ.na⁠/) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470), 파라 (/⁠pʰa.ra⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
  - Kikai:
    Aden: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Araki: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Kamikatetsu: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Nakasato: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Onotsu: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
    Sakamine: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Shiomichi: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Shitōke: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
    Wan: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
  - Kunigami:
    Hentona: 花 (fana)
    Iejima: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)
    Iheya: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)
    Kin: 花 (hānā) (tone class B)
    Nago: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
    Nakijin-Yonamine: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)
    Sakimotobu: 花 (fana) (tone class B)
    Sesoko: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima:
    Naze: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Yamatohama: 花 (hana)
  - Okinawan:
    Itoman: 花 (hana)
    Naha: 花 (hana)
    Shuri: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
  - Okinoerabu:
    China: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
    Kamishiro: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
    Serikaku: 花 (hanā)
    Tetechina: 花 (hana)
    Wadomari: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima:
    Koniya: 花 (fana)
    Shodon: 花 (hana) (tone class BC)
  - Tokunoshima:
    Asama: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)
    Kametsu: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
    San: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
  - Yoron: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako:
    Bora: 花 (pana)
    Hirara: 花 (pana)
    Ikema: 花 (hana)
    Nishihara: 花 (hana) (tone class B)
    Irabu: 花 (pana)
    Karimata: 花 (pana)
    Kuninaka: 花 (pana)
    Minna: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
    Nagahama: 花 (pana)
    Nakachi: 花 (pana)
    Nobaru: 花 (pana)
    Ōgami: 花 (pana)
    Ōura: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Shimajiri: 花 (pana)
    Shiokawa: 花 (pana)
    Tarama: 花 (pana)
    Nakasuji: 花 (pana) (tone class A/B)
    Uechi: 花 (pana)
    Yonaha: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)
  - Yaeyama:
    Aragusuku: 花 (pana)
    Hateruma: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
    Hatoma: 花 (pana) (tone class B)
    Ishigaki: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)
    Kabira: 花 (pana)
    Kohama: 花 (pana)
    Kuroshima: 花 (pana)
    Sonai: 花 (pana)
    Taketomi: 花 (hənə) (tone class BC)
  - Yonaguni: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Etymology 2

Noun

*pana

nose

Descendants

Old Japanese: 鼻 (pana)
- Japanese: 鼻 (hana)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
- Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/⁠pʰana⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)
  - Kikai:
    Aden: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Araki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Kamikatetsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Nakasato: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
    Onotsu: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Shiomichi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Shitōke: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Wan: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)
  - Kunigami:
    Hentona: 鼻 (fana)
    Iejima: 鼻 (phana) (tone class AC)
    Iheya: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
    Kin: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
    Nago: 鼻 (phana) (tone class A)
    Nakijin-Yonamine: 鼻 (phanā) (tone class A)
    Oku: 鼻 (pana)
    Sakimotobu: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
    Sesoko: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
    Sumuide: 鼻 (pana)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima:
    Isu: 鼻 (fana)
    Kasari-Tekebu: 鼻 (fana)
    Naze: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB (however, with <LF> accent instead of expected <LH>)
    Sumiyō: 鼻 (fana)
    Yamato: 鼻 (hana)
    Yamatohama: 鼻 (hana)
    Yuwan: 鼻 (hana)
  - Okinawan:
    Itoman: 鼻 (hana)
    Nago: 鼻 (fana)
    Naha: 鼻 (hana)
    Shuri: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
    Yara: 鼻 (hana)
  - Okinoerabu:
    China: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)
    Kamishiro: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
    Serikaku: 鼻 (hanā)
    Tetechina: 鼻 (hana)
    Wadomari: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima:
    Koniya: 鼻 (fana, hana)
    Shodon: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Tokunoshima:
    Asama: 鼻 (hanā) (tone class A)
    Inō: 鼻 (hana)
    Kametsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
    San: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Yoron: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako:
    Bora: 鼻 (pana)
    Hirara: 鼻 (pana)
    Ikema: 鼻 (hana)
    Nishihara: 鼻 (hana) (tone class B)
    Irabu: 鼻 (pana)
    Karimata: 鼻 (pana)
    Kuninaka: 鼻 (pana)
    Minna: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Nagahama: 鼻 (pana)
    Nakachi: 鼻 (pana)
    Nobaru: 鼻 (pana)
    Ōgami: 鼻 (pana)
    Ōura: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)
    Sarahama: 鼻 (hana)
    Sawada: 鼻 (pana)
    Shimajiri: 鼻 (pana)
    Shiokawa: 鼻 (pana)
    Tarama: 鼻 (pana)
    Nakasuji: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Uechi: 鼻 (pana)
    Yonaha: 鼻 (pana)
  - Yaeyama:
    Hateruma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Hatoma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
    Ishigaki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)
    Kabira: 鼻 (pana)
    Kohama: 鼻 (pana)
    Kuroshima: 鼻 (hənə)
    Sonai: 鼻 (pana)
    Taketomi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)
  - Yonaguni: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Etymology 3

Noun

*pana

edge, end

Descendants

Old Japanese: 端 (pana)
- Japanese: 端 (hana)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *pana
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai:
    - Aden: 端 (fana)
  - Kunigami:
    Iejima: 端 (phana) (tone class AC)
    Nakijin-Yonamine: 端 (phanā) (tone class A)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima:
    Yamatohama: 端 (hana)
  - Okinawan:
    Naha: 端 (hana)
    Shuri: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Okinoerabu:
    China: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
    Wadomari: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Tokunoshima:
    Asama: 端 (hanā) (tone class A)
    Kametsu: 端 (hana) (tone class A)
  - Yoron: 端 (pana) (tone class B)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako:
    Hirara: 端 (pana)
    Ikema: 端 (hana)
    Nishihara: 端 (hana) (tone class B)
    Minna: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
    Nagahama: 端 (pana)
    Nakachi: 端 (pana)
    Tarama:
    Nakasuji: 端 (pana)
  - Yaeyama:
    Hateruma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
    Hatoma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)
    Ishigaki: 端 (hana, pana) (tone class A)
    Taketomi: 端 (pənə)
  - Yonaguni: 端 (hana)