Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/lawō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Athematic present from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewh₃- (“to wash”).[1][2]
The unrounding of presumed original *o to *a is generally attributed to Thurneysen-Havet's law, which unrounds original PIE *o before *w (Italic *-ow- from original *-ew- does not unround).[3] The source of such an o-grade verb formation is uncertain.
- LIV, reconstructing a first-conjugation verb *lawāō, starts with a noun *lowh₃-éh₂, from which a denominative *lowh₃-éh₂-yeti would be made.[4]
- Schrijver starts with a simple o-grade athematic *lówh₃ti.
- Meiser reconstructs a reduplicated Proto-Indo-European *lelówh₃ti (“to wash”).[5] This is odd, since o-grade is generally not expected in reduplicated athematic presents, and de Vaan questions such a formation taking on intransitive semantics.
- Vine additionally proposes back-formation from affixed forms in which unstressed *-ow- became *-aw-.[3]
No matter the origin of the unrounded -a-, it would be generalized to all related words in Latin.
Verb
*lawō first-singular present indicative[2]
- to wash
Conjugation
| Inflection of *lawō (athematic) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *lawō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *lawatos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *lawō | *lawōr |
| 2nd sing. | *lawas | *lawazo |
| 3rd sing. | *lawat | *lawator |
| 1st plur. | *lawamos | *lawamor |
| 2nd plur. | *lawates | — |
| 3rd plur. | *lawent | *lawentor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *lawām | *lawār |
| 2nd sing. | *lawās | *lawāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *lawād | *lawātor |
| 1st plur. | *lawāmos | *lawāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *lawātes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *lawānd | *lawāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *lawa | *lawazo |
| 2nd plur. | *lawate | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *lawatōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *lawants | *lawatos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *lawatus | *lawazi | |
Alternative reconstructions
- *lowō[1]
Derived terms
(Possibly inherited terms which were reshaped by analogy:)
- *lawāðrom
- *lawaēō (stative)[2]
- Latin: lavō (first-conjugation verb) (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
- Latin: lavō (third-conjugation verb), luō (backformed from compounds ending in -luō)
- Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌕𐌖 (vutu, 3sg. impv.)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lavō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 330–331
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, § 2.2.1, pages 396–397
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vine, Brent (2006), “On ‘Thurneysen-Havet's Law’ in Latin and Italic”, in Historische Sprachforschung, page 239 of 211–249
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 418
- ^ Meiser, Gerhard (1998), Historische Laut- und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, →ISBN, page 187