Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ezom
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi. Perfect indicatives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”), from *bʰuH-, which also supplies *fuiō (“to become”).
Verb
*ezom or *som first-singular present indicative[1]
- to be
Conjugation
| Inflection of *ezom (irregular, athematic) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *som / *ezom | |
| Perfect | *fūai | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | — | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *som / *ezom | — |
| 2nd sing. | *es | — |
| 3rd sing. | *est | — |
| 1st plur. | *(e?)somos | — |
| 2nd plur. | *(e?)stes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *sent | — |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *ezom | — |
| 2nd sing. | *ezes | — |
| 3rd sing. | *ezed | — |
| 1st plur. | *ezomos | — |
| 2nd plur. | *ezetes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *ezend | — |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *fūai | |
| 2nd sing. | *fūistai | |
| 3rd sing. | *fūe(d) | |
| 1st plur. | *fūomos | |
| 2nd plur. | *fūistes | |
| 3rd plur. | *fūēri | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *es | — |
| 2nd plur. | *este | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *estōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *sēnts | — | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| — | *essi | |
Descendants
- Latino-Faliscan
- Sabellic
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 599