Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwáypati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwáypati, from Proto-Indo-European *kswéyp-e-ti, from *ksweybʰ- ~ *ksweyp- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).^[1]

Verb

*xšwáypati^[2]

to vibrate, tremble, shake
to whip, lash

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*xšwáypati
Plur.	3rd	*xšwáypanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*xšwáypaH(mi)	*xšwáypam	—	*xšwáypaH(ni)	*xšwáypayam
	2nd	*xšwáypahi	*xšwáypah	*xšwáypa	*xšwáypaHah(i)	*xšwáypayš
	3rd	*xšwáypati	*xšwáypat	*xšwáypatu	*xšwáypaHat(i)	*xšwáypayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*xšwáypaθHah	?	*xšwáypaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*xšwáypatah	*xšwáypatam	*xšwáypatām	*xšwáypaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*xšwáypāmah(i)	*xšwáypāma	—	*xšwáypaHama	*xšwáypayma
	2nd	*xšwáypaθHa	*xšwáypata	*xšwáypata	*xšwáypaHθaHa	*xšwáypayta
	3rd	*xšwáypanti	*xšwáypantu	*xšwáypantu	*xšwáypaHant(i)	*xšwáypayant
Participle		*xšwáypāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*xšwáypay	*xšwáypay	—	*xšwáypaHi	*xšwáypaya
	2nd	*xšwáypahay	*xšwáypaha	*xšwáypahwa	*xšwáypaHahay	*xšwáypayša
	3rd	*xšwáypatay	*xšwáypata	*xšwáypatām	*xšwáypaHatay	*xšwáypayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*xšwáypayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*xšwáypaytay	*xšwáypaytam	?	?	*xšwáypayātam
Plur.	1st	*xšwáypāmaday	*xšwáypāmadi	—	*xšwáypaHāmaday	*xšwáypaymadi
	2nd	*xšwáypadway	*xšwáypadwam	*xšwáypaydwam	*xšwáypaHadway	*xšwáypaydwam
	3rd	xšwáypantay, -aray	*xšwáypanta	*xšwáypantām	xšwáypaHantay, -aHaram	*xšwáypayanta
Participle		*xšwáypaHnah

Derived terms

*fraxšwáypati
- Wakhi: rәšъíp, rәšíp (“to whip”)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Yaghnobi: žívta (“to whip”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Gurani: [script needed] (šewiāy)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: šēwā, -šēw- (“to be excited”)
- Parthian:
  Parthian: 𐫀𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (ʾʾšyft), 𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎 (ʾšyfṯ /⁠āšift⁠/, “to trouble, vex”, pp.)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫁𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫅 (šybynyd /⁠šēb-⁠/, “to move quickly, to be stirred up, to be confused”)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ˣšypynd /⁠šēbēnd⁠/, “to be mixed, stirred up”, 3pl.pres.)
  - Persian: شیبیدن (šêbidan), شیویدن (šīwīdan, “to be mixed; to mix; to tremble, shake”)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*xšwáyp/b”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*xšwáyp/b”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 459

[1]

[2]