Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tr̥šáti

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥sćáti, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥s-sḱé-ti, from *tres- +‎ *-sḱéti.

Verb

*tr̥šáti[1]

  1. to tremble (with fear)

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing. 3rd *tr̥šáti
Plur. 3rd *tr̥šánti
Active voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *tr̥šáH(mi) *tr̥šám *tr̥šaH(ni) *tr̥šáyam
2nd *tr̥šáhi *tr̥šáh *tr̥šá *tr̥šaHah(i) *tr̥šáyš
3rd *tr̥šáti *tr̥šát *tr̥šátu *tr̥šaHat(i) *tr̥šáyt
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *tr̥šáθHah ? *tr̥šáθHam ? ?
3rd *tr̥šátah *tr̥šátam *tr̥šátām *tr̥šaHtah ?
Plur. 1st *tr̥šā́mah(i) *tr̥šā́ma *tr̥šaHama *tr̥šáyma
2nd *tr̥šáθHa *tr̥šáta *tr̥šáta *tr̥šaHθaHa *tr̥šáyta
3rd *tr̥šánti *tr̥šántu *tr̥šántu *tr̥šaHant(i) *tr̥šáyant
Participle *tr̥šā́h
Mediopassive voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *tr̥šáy *tr̥šáy *tr̥šáHi *tr̥šáya
2nd *tr̥šáhay *tr̥šáha *tr̥šáhwa *tr̥šáHahay *tr̥šáyša
3rd *tr̥šátay *tr̥šáta *tr̥šátām *tr̥šáHatay *tr̥šáyta
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *tr̥šáyθHay ? ? ? ?
3rd *tr̥šáytay *tr̥šáytam ? ? *tr̥šáyātam
Plur. 1st *tr̥šā́maday *tr̥šā́madi *tr̥šáHāmaday *tr̥šáymadi
2nd *tr̥šádway *tr̥šádwam *tr̥šáydwam *tr̥šáHadway *tr̥šáydwam
3rd *tr̥šántay, *-áray *tr̥šánta *tr̥šántām *tr̥šáHantay, *-áHaram *tr̥šáyanta
Participle *tr̥šaHnáh

Descendants

  • Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fratərəsaiti), 𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (tərəsəṇti)
  • Ossetian:
    Digor Ossetian: тӕрст (tærst), тарст (tarst)
    Iron Ossetian: тӕрсын (tærsyn), тарст (tarst)
  • Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫎𐫏𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ṯyrsynd, 3pl.pres.act.)
  • Old Persian: 𐎫𐎼𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (t-r-s-t-i-y /⁠tạrsatiy⁠/)
    • Middle Persian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫤𐫏𐫡𐫘𐫏𐫅 (tyrsyd, 2sg.pres.act.)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (tlsyt /⁠tarsēd⁠/, 3sg.pres.act.)

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*θrah (*trs)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393