Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/spr̥Hgmáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sperh₂g- (“to crack, burst open, sprout”).^[1]

Noun

*spr̥Hgmáh m^[2]

flower

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*spr̥Hgmáh	*spr̥Hgmā́(w)	*spr̥Hgmā́h(ah)
vocative	*spŕ̥Hgma	*spŕ̥Hgmā(w)	*spŕ̥Hgmāh(ah)
accusative	*spr̥Hgmám	*spr̥Hgmā́(w)	*spr̥Hgmā́nh
instrumental	*spr̥HgmáH	*spr̥Hgmáybʰyā(m)	*spr̥Hgmā́yš
ablative	*spr̥Hgmā́t	*spr̥Hgmáybʰyā(m)	*spr̥Hgmáybʰyah
dative	*spr̥Hgmā́y	*spr̥Hgmáybʰyā(m)	*spr̥Hgmáybʰyah
genitive	*spr̥Hgmáhya	*spr̥Hgmáyāh	*spr̥Hgmā́naHam
locative	*spr̥Hgmáy	*spr̥Hgmáyaw	*spr̥Hgmáyšu

Descendants

Sogdian: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼺 (ʾsprɣm /⁠ᵊspərɣəm⁠/)
- ⇒ Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊspərɣəmē⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫄𐫖𐫏 (ʾsprɣmy), 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫄𐫖𐫏𐫏 (ʾsprɣmyy)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼺𐼸 (ʾsprɣmk), 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼺𐼷𐼷 (ʾsprɣmyy), 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼺𐼷 (ʾsprɣmy), 𐼰𐼼𐼾𐽀𐼲𐼺𐼰𐼸 (ʾsprɣmʾk)
Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫍𐫖 (ʾsprhm /⁠isprahm⁠/)
- →⇒ Old Armenian: համասպրամ (hamaspram, “sweet-smelling”)^[3]
- ⇒ Parthian: 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫍𐫖𐫃 (ʾsprhmg /⁠isprahmag⁠/)
Middle Persian: (“flower, fragrant herb”)
Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫍𐫖 (ʾsprhm /⁠isprahm⁠/)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sprahm /⁠sprahm⁠/)
- Persian: اسپرم (esparam, “sweet basil, medicinal herb”), اسفرم (esfaram), اسفرغم (esfaraġm), اسپرغم (esparaġm), سفرم (sefaram), سپرم (separam), اسفرهم (esfarahm), اسبرهم (esparahm), سپرهم (separahm), سپرغم (separaġm)
- ⇒ Middle Persian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫛𐫡𐫍𐫖𐫃 (ʾsprhmg /⁠isprahmag⁠/)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sprahmk' /⁠sprahmag⁠/)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*(H)spar(H)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 198-199
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 23: “NWOIr. *spragma-”
^ Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897), Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 177

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*(H)spar(H)ǰ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 198-199

[2] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017), Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 23: “NWOIr. *spragma-”

[3] Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897), Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 177

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