Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/láyjati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Either directly from thematic Proto-Indo-Iranian *láyȷ́ʰati, from Proto-Indo-European *léyǵʰ-e-ti, from *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) +‎ *-eti, or leveled and thematicized from athematic Proto-Indo-Iranian *láyždʰi ~ *liȷ́ʰánti, from Proto-Indo-European *léyǵʰ-ti ~ *liǵʰ-énti.

Verb

*láyjati^[1]^[2]

to lick

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*láyjati
Plur.	3rd	*láyjanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*láyjaH(mi)	*láyjam	—	*láyjaH(ni)	*láyjayam
	2nd	*láyjahi	*láyjah	*láyja	*láyjaHah(i)	*láyjayš
	3rd	*láyjati	*láyjat	*láyjatu	*láyjaHat(i)	*láyjayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*láyjaθHah	?	*láyjaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*láyjatah	*láyjatam	*láyjatām	*láyjaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*láyjāmah(i)	*láyjāma	—	*láyjaHama	*láyjayma
	2nd	*láyjaθHa	*láyjata	*láyjata	*láyjaHθaHa	*láyjayta
	3rd	*láyjanti	*láyjantu	*láyjantu	*láyjaHant(i)	*láyjayant
Participle		*láyjāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*láyjay	*láyjay	—	*láyjaHi	*láyjaya
	2nd	*láyjahay	*láyjaha	*láyjahwa	*láyjaHahay	*láyjayša
	3rd	*láyjatay	*láyjata	*láyjatām	*láyjaHatay	*láyjayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*láyjayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*láyjaytay	*láyjaytam	?	?	*láyjayātam
Plur.	1st	*láyjāmaday	*láyjāmadi	—	*láyjaHāmaday	*láyjaymadi
	2nd	*láyjadway	*láyjadwam	*láyjaydwam	*láyjaHadway	*láyjaydwam
	3rd	láyjantay, -aray	*láyjanta	*láyjantām	láyjaHantay, -aHaram	*láyjayanta
Participle		*láyjaHnah

Alternative reconstructions

*ráyjati^[3]^[4]^[5]^[2]

Derived terms

*láyjakah
- Proto-Scythian: *lēzaki
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *lēɣz
    - Alanic: *leɣz
      - Ossetian: (“smooth”)
        Digor Ossetian: лигъз (liǧz)
        
        Iron Ossetian: лӕгъз (læǧz)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *rēzati
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (rīśtä, 3sg.pres.)
- Sogdian: 𐽀𐼷𐼼𐼰𐽂𐼷 (rysʾty /⁠rēsāte⁠/, inf.)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: [script needed] (lasyēk, inf.), [script needed] (lasī, 3sg.pres.), [script needed] (lēsī, 2sg.pres.) (Kaniguram)
  - Parachi: [script needed] (lušt, inf.), [script needed] (līs-, pres.)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (lišt, inf.), [script needed] (lēs-, pres.)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (let, inf.), [script needed] (lēs-, pres.)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: [script needed] (nərizd, inf.), [script needed] (nərī́z-, pres.)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (nərīzd-, inf.), [script needed] (nərī́z-, pres.)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: [script needed] (lix̌t, inf.), (Khufi) [script needed] (lisetk-, inf.), [script needed] (lix̌-, pres.)
      - → Wakhi: lix̌t
    - >? Yazghulami: [script needed] (ɣiz-)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  - Central Kurdish: لێستین (lêstîn), لستن (listin)
  - ⇒ Northern Kurdish: alastin, alêstin, alîstin (+ a-)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Middle Median:
    - Kermanic: [script needed] (lešta) (Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi), [script needed] (lesse) (Anaraki), [script needed] (lesā, intr.), [script needed] (lesā, tr.) (Gazi), [script needed] (līsā) (Khunsari), [script needed] (lešte) (Nayini), [script needed] (līsāda) (Qohrudi), [script needed] (lese) (Varzenehi)
    - Sivandi: [script needed] (līsē)
    - Old Tati:
      - Shahrudi: [script needed] (âlusesan)
      - Ramandi: [script needed] (ulistan) (Takestani)
  - Zazaki: [Term?] (lêsenã)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lst /⁠list⁠/, 3sg.pret.ind.)
  - Bakhtiari: لیستن (listan)
  - Classical Persian: لشتن (lištan), لیسیدن (lēsīdan)
    - Persian: لیسیدن (lisidan)
    - Tajik: лесидан (lesidan)

References

^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1929, 1938), Vol. I: Parachi and Ormuri, Vol. II: Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 86: “*laiza-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 119: “*rai̯dz- (*lai̯dz-)”
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*raiz¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 310-311
^ Gharib, B. (1995), “rys-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 348: “*raiz”
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯g̑ʰ”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 404: “*rai̯za-”

[1] Morgenstierne, Georg (1929, 1938), Vol. I: Parachi and Ormuri, Vol. II: Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 86: “*laiza-”

[Novak-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013), Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 119: “*rai̯dz- (*lai̯dz-)”

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*raiz¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 310-311

[4] Gharib, B. (1995), “rys-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 348: “*raiz”

[5] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “lei̯g̑ʰ”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 404: “*rai̯za-”

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