Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hamwátiš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From *hamwátati (“to hope for, believe”) +‎ *-iš.

    Noun

    *hamwátiš

    1. hope, belief, faith

    Inflection

    masculine/feminine i-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *hamwátiš *hamwátiH *hamwátayah
    vocative *hamwátay *hamwátiH *hamwátayah
    accusative *hamwátim *hamwátiH *hamwátinš
    instrumental *hamwátiH *hamwátibʰyā(m) *hamwátibʰiš
    ablative *hamwátayš *hamwátibʰyā(m) *hamwátibʰyah
    dative *hamwátayay *hamwátibʰyā(m) *hamwátibʰyah
    genitive *hamwátayš *hamwátiyāh *hamwátiHnaHam
    locative *hamwátāy *hamwátiyaw *hamwátišu
    • *hamwástah (“believer, having believed”)
    • *hamwátaH (“wish, desire”)

    Descendants

    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Ossetian: (“spirit, soul”) (perhaps[1])
        Digor Ossetian: од (od)
        Iron Ossetian: уд (ud)
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾwd, “divine trust”)
        • Sogdian: (/⁠āwat⁠/, “hope, trust, faith”)
          Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾʾwt), 𐼰𐼰𐼴𐽂𐼳 (ʾʾwth)
          Syriac script: ܐܘܬ (ʾwt)
          • ⇒ Sogdian: (/⁠čināut⁠/, “hopeful”)
            Buddhist: [script needed] (cynʾʾwt), [script needed] (cynʾwt)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: ئاوات (awat, “desire, expectation”)
      • Parthian: *hamwat
        • → Old Armenian: հաւատ (hawat, “faith, belief”)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: (“hope”)
        • Early Middle Persian: (< labial assimilation < initial h-loss *hamwēd)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾsmyt' /⁠*ahmēt⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmyt' /⁠ummēd[2]⁠/) (< labial rounding), [Book Pahlavi needed] (SWB̠Lʾ)[3]
          • Late Middle Persian: (< postvocalic h-loss)
            Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmyt'[3][2] /⁠ummēd, ōmēd[3][4]⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾymyt'[4] /⁠ēmēd[2][4]⁠/) (< *ehmēd (pre-fricative))
            Pazand: 𐬎𐬨𐬉𐬛 (umēd)
        • → Old Georgian: იმედი (imedi)
        • ⇒ Middle Persian: (“hopeless”)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾnʾwmyt' /⁠anummēd[2]⁠/)
          • Persian: نومید (nawmêd)
        • ⇒ Middle Persian: (“hopeful”)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwmytwʾl /⁠ummēdwār[2]⁠/)
          • Persian: امیدوار (omêdvâr)
            • → Wakhi: [script needed] (amēdvōr)

    References

    1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2002), Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 233
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 30
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nyberg, H. S. (1974), A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 114
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2007), Introduction to Pahlavi, Cambridge
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