Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gr̥šáti

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥šáti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-é-ti, tudati-type root thematic present of *ǵʰers- (“to stand on end”).

Verb

*gr̥šáti^[1]

to rejoice

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*gr̥šáti
Plur.	3rd	*gr̥šánti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*gr̥šáH(mi)	*gr̥šám	—	*gr̥šaH(ni)	*gr̥šáyam
	2nd	*gr̥šáhi	*gr̥šáh	*gr̥šá	*gr̥šaHah(i)	*gr̥šáyš
	3rd	*gr̥šáti	*gr̥šát	*gr̥šátu	*gr̥šaHat(i)	*gr̥šáyt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*gr̥šáθHah	?	*gr̥šáθHam	?	?
	3rd	*gr̥šátah	*gr̥šátam	*gr̥šátām	*gr̥šaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*gr̥šā́mah(i)	*gr̥šā́ma	—	*gr̥šaHama	*gr̥šáyma
	2nd	*gr̥šáθHa	*gr̥šáta	*gr̥šáta	*gr̥šaHθaHa	*gr̥šáyta
	3rd	*gr̥šánti	*gr̥šántu	*gr̥šántu	*gr̥šaHant(i)	*gr̥šáyant
Participle		*gr̥šā́h
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*gr̥šáy	*gr̥šáy	—	*gr̥šáHi	*gr̥šáya
	2nd	*gr̥šáhay	*gr̥šáha	*gr̥šáhwa	*gr̥šáHahay	*gr̥šáyša
	3rd	*gr̥šátay	*gr̥šáta	*gr̥šátām	*gr̥šáHatay	*gr̥šáyta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*gr̥šáyθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*gr̥šáytay	*gr̥šáytam	?	?	*gr̥šáyātam
Plur.	1st	*gr̥šā́maday	*gr̥šā́madi	—	*gr̥šáHāmaday	*gr̥šáymadi
	2nd	*gr̥šádway	*gr̥šádwam	*gr̥šáydwam	*gr̥šáHadway	*gr̥šáydwam
	3rd	gr̥šántay, -áray	*gr̥šánta	*gr̥šántām	gr̥šáHantay, -áHaram	*gr̥šáyanta
Participle		*gr̥šaHnáh

Derived terms

*wigr̥šáti
- Sogdian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫄𐫢𐫗 (wǧšn, 1sg.pres.subj.act.)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼴𐼲𐽁𐽂𐼷 (wɣšty, 3sg.pres.act.), 𐼴𐼲𐽁𐼰𐼻𐽂 (wɣšʾnt, 1pl.pres.act.), 𐼴𐼲𐽁𐼰𐼺 (wɣšʾm, 3pl.pres.act.)
  
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (wɣšty, 3sg.pres.act.), [Syriac needed] (wɣšysq, 2sg.pres.dur.act.)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣšy-)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Central Kurdish: گەشانەوە (geşanewe), gašānawa
- Parthian: 𐫃𐫢𐫀𐫖 (gšʾm /⁠gašām⁠/, 1pl.pres.act.), 𐫃𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (gšynd /⁠gašēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.act.)
→? Old Armenian: գարշիմ (garšim), գարշեմ (garšem)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zarš¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zarš¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 471

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