Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/fratamáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pratamás.

Adverb

*fratamáh^[1]^[2]^[3]

first, foremost

Derived terms

*fratamačiyah,^[4] *fratamačah^[1]^[5]
- Bactrian: φορδαμσο (fordamso /⁠fərdamc⁠/)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ftm(y)ck), [script needed] (ftmck), [script needed] (ftmyc(y)k), [script needed] (ftmyck /⁠fitmick⁠/)
- Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊftəmčīk⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫜𐫤𐫖𐫝𐫏𐫐 (ʾftmcyk), 𐫜𐫤𐫖𐫝𐫏𐫐 (ftmcyk)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼾𐽀𐽂𐼺𐼿𐼷𐼸 (ʾprtmcyk)
  
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ftmcyq)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *fradami
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (hatämä)
- Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊftəmi⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫜𐫤𐫖𐫏 (ʾftmy)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼾𐽀𐽂𐼺𐼷 (ʾprtmy), 𐼾𐽀𐽂𐼺𐼷 (prtmy), 𐼰𐼱𐽂𐼺𐼷 (ʾβtmy)
  
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ftmʾ), [Syriac needed] (ftm)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: وړنبی, وړمبی, وړومبی, وړونبی (wṛumbay), (dialectal) ومړی (wumṛay), اوړنبی (uṛumbay)
Northwestern Iranian:
- → Old Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)
  - Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (fratama)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠fradom⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖 (prtwm)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pltwm)
    - Persian: فردم (fardum / fardom)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*fratama-, *fraθama-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 58-60: “*fratama-ča-”
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016), Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[1] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 32: “*fratama-”
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979), “hatäma-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 448: “fratama-”
^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas; Tucker, Elisabeth (2005), “Avestan huuōista- and its cognates”, in Schweiger, Günter, editor, Indogermanica: Festschrift Gert Klingenschmitt, Taimering: Schweiger VWT-Verlag, page 590 of 587–604: “*fratama-čiya-”
^ Benzing, Johannes (1983), “ftmyck”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 277: “*fratamačakah”

[ESIJa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*fratama-, *fraθama-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 58-60: “*fratama-ča-”

[2] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016), Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎^[1] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 32: “*fratama-”

[3] Bailey, H. W. (1979), “hatäma-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 448: “fratama-”

[4] Sims-Williams, Nicholas; Tucker, Elisabeth (2005), “Avestan huuōista- and its cognates”, in Schweiger, Günter, editor, Indogermanica: Festschrift Gert Klingenschmitt, Taimering: Schweiger VWT-Verlag, page 590 of 587–604: “*fratama-čiya-”

[5] Benzing, Johannes (1983), “ftmyck”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 277: “*fratamačakah”

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