Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰāráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰor-éye-ti, from *dʰer- (“to support, hold”) +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*dāráyati^[1]

to bear, hold

Inflection

aya-causative
Sing.	3rd	*dāráyati
Plur.	3rd	*dāráyanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*dāráyaH(mi)	*dāráyam	—	*dāráyaH(ni)	*dāráyayam
	2nd	*dāráyahi	*dāráyah	*dāráya	*dāráyaHah(i)	*dāráyayš
	3rd	*dāráyati	*dāráyat	*dāráyatu	*dāráyaHat(i)	*dāráyayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*dāráyaθHah	?	*dāráyaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*dāráyatah	*dāráyatam	*dāráyatām	*dāráyaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*dāráyāmah(i)	*dāráyāma	—	*dāráyaHama	*dāráyayma
	2nd	*dāráyaθHa	*dāráyata	*dāráyata	*dāráyaHθaHa	*dāráyayta
	3rd	*dāráyanti	*dāráyantu	*dāráyantu	*dāráyaHant(i)	*dāráyayant
Participle		*dāráyāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*dāráyay	*dāráyay	—	*dāráyaHi	*dāráyaya
	2nd	*dāráyahay	*dāráyaha	*dāráyahwa	*dāráyaHahay	*dāráyayša
	3rd	*dāráyatay	*dāráyata	*dāráyatām	*dāráyaHatay	*dāráyayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*dāráyayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*dāráyaytay	*dāráyaytam	?	?	*dāráyayātam
Plur.	1st	*dāráyāmaday	*dāráyāmadi	—	*dāráyaHāmaday	*dāráyaymadi
	2nd	*dāráyadway	*dāráyadwam	*dāráyaydwam	*dāráyaHadway	*dāráyaydwam
	3rd	dāráyantay, -aray	*dāráyanta	*dāráyantām	dāráyaHantay, -aHaram	*dāráyayanta
Participle		*dāráyaHnah

Descendants

Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬝 (dāraiiat̰, 3sg.inj.), 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋 (dāraiiō, 2sg.pres.inj.med)
Kurdish: *dardin
- Northern Kurdish: -dêr (as in çehvdêr), dêran (“to have, to hold”) (archaic)
- Central Kurdish: داشتن (daştin), دێر- (dêr-) (past stem from Persian)
- Southern Kurdish: داشتن (daştin), دیر- (dîr-, “to have”) (past stem from Persian)
Old Persian: 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /⁠dārayatiy⁠/)
- Middle Persian: (/⁠dāštan⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫀𐫢𐫤𐫗 (dʾštn)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (YHSNN-tn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dʾštn')
  - Classical Persian:
    - Persian: داشتن (dâštan), Persian: دار (dâr) [future tense]
    - Tajik: доштан (doštan)

References

^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*dar¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

[1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*dar¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 57

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