Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cánhati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćánsati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱéns-e-ti, from *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim”) +‎ *-eti. Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Latin cēnseō and perhaps Ancient Greek κῶμος (kômos).

Verb

*cánhati

to declare, explain

Inflection

Root thematic present
Sing.	3rd	*cánhati
Plur.	3rd	*cánhanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*cánhaH(mi)	*cánham	—	*cánhaH(ni)	*cánhayam
	2nd	*cánhahi	*cánhah	*cánha	*cánhaHah(i)	*cánhayš
	3rd	*cánhati	*cánhat	*cánhatu	*cánhaHat(i)	*cánhayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*cánhaθHah	?	*cánhaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*cánhatah	*cánhatam	*cánhatām	*cánhaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*cánhāmah(i)	*cánhāma	—	*cánhaHama	*cánhayma
	2nd	*cánhaθHa	*cánhata	*cánhata	*cánhaHθaHa	*cánhayta
	3rd	*cánhanti	*cánhantu	*cánhantu	*cánhaHant(i)	*cánhayant
Participle		*cánhāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*cánhay	*cánhay	—	*cánhaHi	*cánhaya
	2nd	*cánhahay	*cánhaha	*cánhahwa	*cánhaHahay	*cánhayša
	3rd	*cánhatay	*cánhata	*cánhatām	*cánhaHatay	*cánhayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*cánhayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*cánhaytay	*cánhaytam	?	?	*cánhayātam
Plur.	1st	*cánhāmaday	*cánhāmadi	—	*cánhaHāmaday	*cánhaymadi
	2nd	*cánhadway	*cánhadwam	*cánhaydwam	*cánhaHadway	*cánhaydwam
	3rd	cánhantay, -aray	*cánhanta	*cánhantām	cánhaHantay, -aHaram	*cánhayanta
Participle		*cánhaHnah

Derived terms

*paticánhati
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *paticahwaH (“an answer, explanation”)
  - Pashto: پوښتنه (poṣtena)
  - Baluchi: [script needed] (pas(s)aw)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: پاساو (pasaw)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫇𐫟 (pswx /⁠passox⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫇𐫟 (pswx /⁠passox⁠/)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pshw' /⁠passox⁠/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾshw' /⁠pāsox⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: پاسخ (pāsux)
      - → Georgian: პასუხი (ṗasuxi)
        → Bats: პასუხ (ṗasux)
  - → Old Armenian: պատասխանի (patasxani), պատասխան (patasxan)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬢𐬵 (paⁱtisaŋh, “to call up, invoke”)
*cánhuš (“word, speech”)
- Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬇𐬧𐬖𐬎 (sə̄ṇγu)
- Khotanese: saṃja- (“document”)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫟𐫇𐫗 (sxwn /⁠saxwan⁠/)
- Middle Persian: (/saxwan/ "word, speech")
  Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫟𐫇𐫗 (sxwn)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (shwn')
  - Classical Persian: سخن (suxan), سخون (saxūn)
    - → Hindustani:
      Hindi: सुख़न (suxan), सुखन (sukhan) — nuqtaless
      Urdu: سُخَن (suxan)
- Sogdian: (/⁠saxnu, saxunu, saxwanu⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫟𐫇𐫗𐫇 (sxwnw)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼼γ𐼻𐼴 (sγnw), 𐼼γ𐼴𐼻𐼴 (sγwnw), 𐼼𐼴𐼶𐼻𐼴 (swxnw), 𐼼𐼶𐼴𐼻𐼴 (sxwnw)
  
  Old Sogdian script: 𐼑γ𐼇𐼎𐼇 (sγwnw), 𐼑𐼇γ𐼎𐼊 (swγny)
  
  Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (sγwnw), [Syriac needed] (swxnw)

Unsorted formations

Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗 (gwsʾn /⁠gōsān⁠/) (possibly)
→ Old Armenian: գովասան (govasan), վիպասան (vipasan) (possibly)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬯𐬇𐬧𐬖𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (sə̄ṇγaⁱtī)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdian:
  - Buddhist: [script needed] (sγwn-, “to utter, recite”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: bersiv (“answer”) (from Proto-Iranian *paricahwah)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 (θ-a-t-i-y /⁠θatiy⁠/)

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 334–335
Bailey, H. W. (1979), Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 417b f.
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 326