Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cáčati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćáčati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱék-e-ti, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”) + *-eti.
Verb
*cáčati
Inflection
| Root thematic present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *cáčati | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *cákanti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *cákaH(mi) | *cákam | — | *cákaH(ni) | *cákayam |
| 2nd | *cáčahi | *cáčah | *cáča | *cáčaHah(i) | *cákayš | |
| 3rd | *cáčati | *cáčat | *cáčatu | *cáčaHat(i) | *cákayt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *cáčaθHah | ? | *cáčaθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *cáčatah | *cáčatam | *cáčatām | *cáčaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *cákāmah(i) | *cákāma | — | *cákaHama | *cákayma |
| 2nd | *cáčaθHa | *cáčata | *cáčata | *cáčaHθaHa | *cákayta | |
| 3rd | *cákanti | *cáčantu | *cákantu | *cákaHant(i) | *cákayant | |
| Participle | *cáčāh | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *cákay | *cáčay | — | *cákaHi | *cákaya |
| 2nd | *cáčahay | *cáčaha | *cáčahwa | *cákaHahay | *cákayša | |
| 3rd | *cáčatay | *cáčata | *cáčatām | *cákaHatay | *cákayta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *cáčayθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *cáčaytay | *cáčaytam | ? | ? | *cákayātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *cákāmaday | *cákāmadi | — | *cákaHāmaday | *cákaymadi |
| 2nd | *cáčadway | *cáčadwam | *cáčaydwam | *cákaHadway | *cákaydwam | |
| 3rd | *cákantay, *-aray | *cákanta | *cáčantām | *cákaHantay, *-aHaram | *cákayanta | |
| Participle | *cáčaHnah | |||||
Related terms
Descendants
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Bactrian: σαχσ- (sakhs-, “to be assessed”) (< *saxsa-[1])
- Ossetian: (“to get stuck in”)
- Digor Ossetian: сӕдзун (sæʒun)
- Iron Ossetian: сӕдзын (sæʒyn)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: (“to be prepared, fitting, ready”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫝𐫏𐫅 (scyd /sajēd/)
- Parthian: (“to be prepared, fitting, ready”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/sazēd/, “to be fitting, becoming, necessary”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫉𐫏𐫅 (szyd)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (scyt)
- Classical Persian: سزد (sazad, “it is fitting”)
- Middle Persian: (/sazēd/, “to be fitting, becoming, necessary”)
References
- ^ Sims-Williams, Nicholas (2007), Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan II. Letters and Buddhist texts (Studies in the Khalili Collection III, Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum II; II), Oxford: Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press, page 263
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*sač¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323