Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hr̥táh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás.

Noun

*Hr̥táh m[1]

  1. truth
  2. order, law

Inflection

masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hr̥táh *Hr̥tā́(w) *Hr̥tā́h(ah)
vocative *Hŕ̥ta *Hŕ̥tā(w) *Hŕ̥tāh(ah)
accusative *Hr̥tám *Hr̥tā́(w) *Hr̥tā́nh
instrumental *Hr̥táH *Hr̥táybʰyā(m) *Hr̥tā́yš
ablative *Hr̥tā́t *Hr̥táybʰyā(m) *Hr̥táybʰyah
dative *Hr̥tā́y *Hr̥táybʰyā(m) *Hr̥táybʰyah
genitive *Hr̥táhya *Hr̥táyāh *Hr̥tā́naHam
locative *Hr̥táy *Hr̥táyaw *Hr̥táyšu

Derived terms

  • Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥tátaHtiš
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬝 (arštāt̰, rectitude, justice; name of an angel)
      • Ancient Greek: Ἀρθασθάτης (Arthasthátēs), Ἀσθάτης (Asthátēs)
      • Parthian: 𐭀𐭓𐭔𐭕𐭕 (ʾrštt /⁠Arštāt⁠/, the goddess Rectitude; 26th day of Persian calendar)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠Arštāt⁠/, the goddess Rectitude; 26th day of Persian calendar)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫢𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾštʾd)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾštʾt')
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭥𐭱𐭲𐭠𐭲 (ʾrštʾt)
        • Classical Persian: اشتاد (aštād)
          • Iranian Persian: اشتاد (aštâd)
          • Tajik: астод (astod)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ardā(y)⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫏 (ʾrdʾy)
      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭫𐭲𐭠𐭣𐭩 (ʾltʾdy)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾltʾy)
      Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮀𐮊𐮑𐮀𐮈 (ʾltʾy), 𐮀𐮊𐮑𐮀𐮃𐮈 (ʾltʾdy)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a) (see there for further descendants)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫡𐫤 (ʾrt /⁠art⁠/, aether, air)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐎫 (a-r-t /⁠arta⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠ard⁠/, Ard, a goddess; 25th day of Persian calendar)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫡𐫅 (ʾyrd)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭠𐭫𐭲𐭩 (ʾlty)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾlt')

References

  1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*arta- : r̥ta-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 207-210