Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HgráHti
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HgráHti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁gr-éh₁-ti, from *h₁ger- (“to wake up”) + *-éh₁ti (eh₁-inchoative suffix).[1]
Verb
- to wake up
Inflection
| Root athematic present | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *HgráHti | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *Hgr̥Hánti, *HgráHati | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *HgráHmi | *HgráHm | — | *HgráHaH(ni) | *Hgr̥Hyā́m |
| 2nd | *HgráHsi | *HgráHs | *Hgr̥Hdí | *HgráHah(i) | *Hgr̥HyáHs, *Hgr̥HíHs | |
| 3rd | *HgráHti | *HgráHt | *HgráHtu | *HgráHat(i) | *Hgr̥HyáHt, *Hgr̥HíHt | |
| Dual | 1st | *Hgr̥Hwáhi | *Hgr̥Hwá | — | *HgráHāwa? | *Hgr̥HyáHwa?, *Hgr̥HiHwá? |
| 2nd | *Hgr̥HθHáh | *Hgr̥Htám | *HgráHtám? | *HgráHaθHah? | *Hgr̥HyáHtam, *Hgr̥HiHtám | |
| 3rd | *Hgr̥Htáh | *Hgr̥Htā́m? | *HgráHtā́m? | *HgráHatah | *Hgr̥HyáHtām, *Hgr̥HiHtā́m | |
| Plur. | 1st | *Hgr̥Hmáhi | *HgráHmá | — | *HgráHāma | *Hgr̥HyáHma?, *Hgr̥HiHmá? |
| 2nd | *Hgr̥HθHá | *HgráHtá | *Hgr̥Htá | *HgráHaθHa, *-ata | *Hgr̥HdHwáy, *Hgr̥HyáHta, *Hgr̥HiHtá | |
| 3rd | *Hgr̥Hánti, *HgráHati | *Hgr̥Hánt, *HgráHat | *Hgr̥Hántu, *HgráHatu | *HgráHant(i) | *Hgr̥HyáHr̥(š), *-yáHant, *Hgr̥HiHŕ̥(š), *-íHat | |
| Participle | *Hgr̥Hā́h | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *Hgr̥Háy | *Hgr̥Hí | — | *Hgr̥HáHy, *-áHnay | *Hgr̥HiHá |
| 2nd | *Hgr̥Hsáy | *Hgr̥Hsá | *Hgr̥Hswá | *Hgr̥Háhay | *Hgr̥HiHsá | |
| 3rd | *Hgr̥Htáy, *Hgr̥Háy | *Hgr̥Htá | *Hgr̥Htā́m | *Hgr̥Hátay | *Hgr̥HiHtá | |
| Dual | 1st | *Hgr̥HwádHay? | *Hgr̥HwádHi | — | *HgráHāwádHay? | *HgráHiHwádHi? |
| 2nd | *Hgr̥HáθHay? | *Hgr̥HáθHām? | *HgráHáθHām? | *HgráHáyθHay? | *HgráHiHáθHām? | |
| 3rd | *Hgr̥Hā́tay | *Hgr̥Hā́tam | *HgráHā́tam | *HgráHáytay | *HgráHiHā́tam? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *Hgr̥Hmáday | *Hgr̥Hmádi | — | *Hgr̥Hā́maday | *Hgr̥HiHmádHi |
| 2nd | *Hgr̥HdHwáy | *Hgr̥HdHwám | *Hgr̥HdHwám | *Hgr̥HádHway, *-ádHwam | *Hgr̥HiHdHwám? | |
| 3rd | *Hgr̥Hatáy, *-āráy, *Hgr̥Hráy | *Hgr̥Hatá, *Hgr̥Hrám | *Hgr̥Hātā́m | *Hgr̥Hántay | *Hgr̥HiHrám | |
| Participle | *Hgr̥HaHnáh | |||||
Derived terms
- *aHHgraHtáh
- ⇒ Sogdian: ܐܓ݂ܐܪܟ (ʾɣʾrc /āɣārč/, “awake, bright”)
- *fraHgráHtuš
- Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬙𐬎 (fraγrātu, “awakening”)
- *wiHgraHtáh[2]
- ⇒ Sogdian: (/wiɣrātē/, “awake, wakeful”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫄𐫡𐫀𐫤𐫏 (wǧrʾty), 𐫇𐫄𐫡𐫀𐫤𐫏𐫏 (wǧrʾtyy)
- Syriac script: ܘܓ݂ܪܐܬܝ (wɣrʾty), ܘܓ݂ܪܐܬܝܝ (wɣrʾtyy)
- ⇒ Sogdian: ܓ݂ܘܪܐܬܝ (ɣwrʾty /ɣurātē/, “watchful, awake”)
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wglʾt' /wigrād/, “awake, alert”)
- Persian: بیدار (bidâr)
- ⇒ Sogdian: (/wiɣrātē/, “awake, wakeful”)
- *wiHgráHti
- Sogdian: 𐫇i𐫄𐫡𐫀𐫤 (wiǧrʾt /wiɣrāt/), 𐫇𐫏𐫄𐫡𐫀𐫎𐫗𐫅 (wyǧrʾṯnd, “to wake up”, 3pl.pret.inch.-intr.ind.)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hgar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 172-173
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gar- : ǰar-, *grā- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 165-168: “*u̯i-grāta-, *u̯i-grāta-ka-”