Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hgāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hgāráyati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁gor-éye-ti, from *h₁ger- (“to wake up”) +‎ *-éyeti (eye-causative suffix). Cognate with Sanskrit जारयति (jāráyati).

Verb

*Hgāráyati

to wake up
to watch out for

Inflection

aya-causative
Sing.	3rd	*Hgāráyati
Plur.	3rd	*Hgāráyanti
Active voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*HgāráyaH(mi)	*Hgāráyam	—	*HgāráyaH(ni)	*Hgāráyayam
	2nd	*Hgāráyahi	*Hgāráyah	*Hgāráya	*HgāráyaHah(i)	*Hgāráyayš
	3rd	*Hgāráyati	*Hgāráyat	*Hgāráyatu	*HgāráyaHat(i)	*Hgāráyayt
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*HgāráyaθHah	?	*HgāráyaθHam	?	?
	3rd	*Hgāráyatah	*Hgāráyatam	*Hgāráyatām	*HgāráyaHtah	?
Plur.	1st	*Hgāráyāmah(i)	*Hgāráyāma	—	*HgāráyaHama	*Hgāráyayma
	2nd	*HgāráyaθHa	*Hgāráyata	*Hgāráyata	*HgāráyaHθaHa	*Hgāráyayta
	3rd	*Hgāráyanti	*Hgāráyantu	*Hgāráyantu	*HgāráyaHant(i)	*Hgāráyayant
Participle		*Hgāráyāh
Mediopassive voice
		Indicative	Imperfect	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
Sing.	1st	*Hgāráyay	*Hgāráyay	—	*HgāráyaHi	*Hgāráyaya
	2nd	*Hgāráyahay	*Hgāráyaha	*Hgāráyahwa	*HgāráyaHahay	*Hgāráyayša
	3rd	*Hgāráyatay	*Hgāráyata	*Hgāráyatām	*HgāráyaHatay	*Hgāráyayta
Dual	1st	?	?	—	?	?
	2nd	*HgāráyayθHay	?	?	?	?
	3rd	*Hgāráyaytay	*Hgāráyaytam	?	?	*Hgāráyayātam
Plur.	1st	*Hgāráyāmaday	*Hgāráyāmadi	—	*HgāráyaHāmaday	*Hgāráyaymadi
	2nd	*Hgāráyadway	*Hgāráyadwam	*Hgāráyaydwam	*HgāráyaHadway	*Hgāráyaydwam
	3rd	Hgāráyantay, -aray	*Hgāráyanta	*Hgāráyantām	HgāráyaHantay, -aHaram	*Hgāráyayanta
Participle		*HgāráyaHnah

Derived terms

*wiHgāryah^[1]
- Ossetian: (“awake”)
  Digor Ossetian: иɣал (iɣal)
  
  Iron Ossetian: хъал (qal)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬨𐬌 (gāraiiemi, 1sg.caus.pres.ind.)
  - ⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀ɣ𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fraɣāraiieⁱti, 3sg.caus.pres.ind.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾰𐾻 (ɣʾrʾk, inf.), 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾰c (ɣʾrʾc, 3sg.pres.conj.), 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾺𐾴 (ɣʾryd), 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾴 (ɣʾrd, 3sg.impf.), 𐾳𐾰𐿂𐾰𐿂 (ɣʾrʾr, “to watch out for, preserve, protect”, 3pl.impf.)
- Sogdian: 𐼲𐼰𐽀𐼰𐼻𐽂 (ɣʾrʾnt /⁠ɣārēnd⁠/, “to watch”, 3pl.pres.ind.)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gar- : ǰar-, *grā- : gri-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 165-168: “*u̯i-gāri̯a-”