Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HacwaHastiš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From *Hácwah (“horse”) +‎ *Hástiš (“food”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éd-t-is ~ *h₁d-téy-s, from *h₁ed- (“to eat”) +‎ *-tis. Compare Sanskrit अश्वत्थ (aśvatthá, “sacred fig tree”).

Noun

*HacwaHastiš f

alfalfa, lucerne

Inflection

i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HacwaHástiš	*HacwaHástiH	*HacwaHástayah
vocative	*HacwaHástay	*HacwaHástiH	*HacwaHástayah
accusative	*HacwaHástim	*HacwaHástiH	*HacwaHástīš
instrumental	*HacwaHástiH	*HacwaHástibyā	*HacwaHástibiš
ablative	*HacwaHástayš	*HacwaHástibyā	*HacwaHástibyah
dative	*HacwaHástayay	*HacwaHástibyā	*HacwaHástibyah
genitive	*HacwaHástayš	*HacwaHástyawš	*HacwaHástayām
locative	*HacwaHástaw	*HacwaHástyawš	*HacwaHástišu

Inflection

masculine/feminine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HacwaHastiš	*HacwaHastiH	*HacwaHastayah
vocative	*HacwaHastay	*HacwaHastiH	*HacwaHastayah
accusative	*HacwaHastim	*HacwaHastiH	*HacwaHastinš
instrumental	*HacwaHastiH	*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)	*HacwaHastibʰiš
ablative	*HacwaHastayš	*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)	*HacwaHastibʰyah
dative	*HacwaHastayay	*HacwaHastibʰyā(m)	*HacwaHastibʰyah
genitive	*HacwaHastayš	*HacwaHastiyāh	*HacwaHastiHnaHam
locative	*HacwaHastāy	*HacwaHastiyaw	*HacwaHastišu

Derived terms

*HacwaHastiyaH
- Bactrian: [script needed] (aśpista)
- Old Median: *aspāstiyā^[1]
  - → Elamite: 𒍩𒁀𒆜𒋾𒅀 (áš-ba-iš-ti-ia /⁠ašbaištiya⁠/)
- Pashto: شپېشته (špéšta)
- Old Persian: *𐎠𐎿𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎹𐎠 (*a-s-a-s-t-y-a /⁠asāstiyā⁠/)^[2]
  - → Elamite: 𒍩𒃻𒆜𒋾𒅀 (áš-šá-iš-ti-ia /⁠ašaištiya⁠/)

Descendants

Northwestern Iranian:
- Western Balochi: اسپست (aspust), اسپست (ispist), اسپست (uspust)
- Northern Kurdish: hespist (haspist)
- Old Median: *aspāstiš
  - Middle Median: *aspast
    - Kermanic: اسبس (asbas)
    - → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אספסתא (/⁠aspasta⁠/)
    - → Middle Armenian: ասպաստ (aspast)
      - Armenian: ասպաստ (aspast)
    - → Hebrew: אספסת (aspéset)
    - → Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: 𐮰𐮽𐮾𐮽𐯁𐮵 (𐮰𐮽𐮾𐮽𐯁𐮵 /⁠aspast⁠/)
      - Classical Persian: اسپست (aspist)
        Sistani: سپست (spest)
        Iranian Persian: اسپست (espest, aspest), اسپس (espes, aspes), سپست (sepest, sapest), آسپست (âspest)
      - → Burushaski:
        Werchikwar: اِشپِت (iśpít)
      - → Southwestern Fars:
        Burenjani: شِپیت (šipīt)
      - → Gandhari: 𐨀𐨭𐨿𐨤𐨁𐨯𐨿𐨟 (aśpista)
      - → Shina: اِشپیت (išpīt)
    - → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܣܬܐ (ʾespestā)
      - → Coptic: ⲡⲉⲥⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁ (p-espesta)
        → Arabic: فِصْفِصَة (fiṣfiṣa), فَصْفَصَة (faṣfaṣa), فِسْفِسَة (fisfisa)
        → Spanish: alfalfez, alfalfa
        → English: alfalfa
  - → Akkadian:
    Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒊍𒋾 (as-pa-as-ti /⁠aspasti⁠/), 𒊍𒉺𒊍𒌈 (as-pa-as-tu₄ /⁠aspastu⁠/), 𒊍𒉺𒊓𒌈 (as-pa-sa-tu₄ /⁠aspasatu⁠/)

References

^ Hinz, Walther (1975), “*aspā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz
^ Hinz, Walther (1975), “*asā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[1] Hinz, Walther (1975), “*aspā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[1] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[2] Hinz, Walther (1975), “*asā̆stiya-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[1]

[2]