Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Habigāwáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *Habi- +‎ *gāwáyati (to increase), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāwáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ow-éye-ti, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ew- (to increase) +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*Habigāwáyati[1][2][3]

  1. to cause to increase, multiply

Inflection

aya-causative
Sing. 3rd *Habigāwáyati
Plur. 3rd *Habigāwáyanti
Active voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *HabigāwáyaH(mi) *Habigāwáyam *HabigāwáyaH(ni) *Habigāwáyayam
2nd *Habigāwáyahi *Habigāwáyah *Habigāwáya *HabigāwáyaHah(i) *Habigāwáyayš
3rd *Habigāwáyati *Habigāwáyat *Habigāwáyatu *HabigāwáyaHat(i) *Habigāwáyayt
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *HabigāwáyaθHah ? *HabigāwáyaθHam ? ?
3rd *Habigāwáyatah *Habigāwáyatam *Habigāwáyatām *HabigāwáyaHtah ?
Plur. 1st *Habigāwáyāmah(i) *Habigāwáyāma *HabigāwáyaHama *Habigāwáyayma
2nd *HabigāwáyaθHa *Habigāwáyata *Habigāwáyata *HabigāwáyaHθaHa *Habigāwáyayta
3rd *Habigāwáyanti *Habigāwáyantu *Habigāwáyantu *HabigāwáyaHant(i) *Habigāwáyayant
Participle *Habigāwáyāh
Mediopassive voice
Indicative Imperfect Imperative Subjunctive Optative
Sing. 1st *Habigāwáyay *Habigāwáyay *HabigāwáyaHi *Habigāwáyaya
2nd *Habigāwáyahay *Habigāwáyaha *Habigāwáyahwa *HabigāwáyaHahay *Habigāwáyayša
3rd *Habigāwáyatay *Habigāwáyata *Habigāwáyatām *HabigāwáyaHatay *Habigāwáyayta
Dual 1st ? ? ? ?
2nd *HabigāwáyayθHay ? ? ? ?
3rd *Habigāwáyaytay *Habigāwáyaytam ? ? *Habigāwáyayātam
Plur. 1st *Habigāwáyāmaday *Habigāwáyāmadi *HabigāwáyaHāmaday *Habigāwáyaymadi
2nd *Habigāwáyadway *Habigāwáyadwam *Habigāwáyaydwam *HabigāwáyaHadway *Habigāwáyaydwam
3rd *Habigāwáyantay, *-aray *Habigāwáyanta *Habigāwáyantām *HabigāwáyaHantay, *-aHaram *Habigāwáyayanta
Participle *HabigāwáyaHnah

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (βɣʾwy, 3sg.impv.), [script needed] (mβɣʾwyd, to multiply, increase, 3sg.impf.)
      • >? Bactrian: αβζιιαμo (abziiamo, 1pl.subj.), αβζιιενδδηιo (abziienddēio, 3pl.opt.), αβζιιηιo (abziiēio, to continue, 1sg.opt.)
      • Sogdian: (to increase)
        Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫋𐫀𐫇 (βjʾw /⁠β(ə)žāw⁠/, 2sg.impv.act.) (< 2sg.impv.act. *Habiǰā́w)
        Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾβzʾwt /⁠(ə)βžāwt⁠/), 𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (βzʾwt /⁠β(ə)žāwt⁠/, 3sg.pres.act.)
        Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (βz’w /⁠β(ə)žāw⁠/, 2sg.impv.act.)
        • ? Sogdian: (to be increased; to grow)[5] (or from [script needed] (ʾzw-, to live)[6])
          Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫋𐫏𐫎𐫘𐫐𐫇𐫗 (bjyṯskwn, pres.dur.)
          Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽂 (ʾβzʾyt /⁠(ə)βžayt⁠/)[7]
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾbgʾwynd /⁠aβɣāwēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.ind.), 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫅 (ʾbgʾwyd /⁠aβɣāwēd⁠/, 2pl.impf.)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-y-j-a-v-y-m /⁠abiyajāvayam⁠/), 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-j-a-v-y-m /⁠abījāvayam⁠/, to add, 1sg.impf.act.)[8]
      • Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyd), 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyyd /⁠abzāyēd⁠/)

Notes

  1. ^ Either built as a secondary causative to *Habiǰáwati (to increase, add), or contaminated by it.

References

  1. ^ Henning, W. B. (1971), “(’)βɣ’wy-”, in MacKenzie, D. N., editor, A Fragment of a Khwarezmian Dictionary (Tehran University. Publication no. 1317), London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN, page 47:*abi-gāwaya-
  2. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228:*abi-gāu̯ai̯a-
  3. ^ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003), “افزودن”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 107-108:*abi-gāvaya-
  4. ^ Gharib, B. (1995), “’βz’w-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23:*abi-žāwaya-
  5. ^ Gershevitch, I. (1954) A Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, page 29, §187: "Passive to abi-žāwaya-"
  6. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*ǰaiH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
  7. ^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ʾβzʾy-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23:(ə)βžay; *abi-žawya-
  8. ^ Kent, Roland G. (1950), Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 185