Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Habigāwáyati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From *Habi- + *gāwáyati (“to increase”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāwáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ow-éye-ti, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ew- (“to increase”) + *-éyeti.
Verb
Inflection
| aya-causative | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *Habigāwáyati | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *Habigāwáyanti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *HabigāwáyaH(mi) | *Habigāwáyam | — | *HabigāwáyaH(ni) | *Habigāwáyayam |
| 2nd | *Habigāwáyahi | *Habigāwáyah | *Habigāwáya | *HabigāwáyaHah(i) | *Habigāwáyayš | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyati | *Habigāwáyat | *Habigāwáyatu | *HabigāwáyaHat(i) | *Habigāwáyayt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *HabigāwáyaθHah | ? | *HabigāwáyaθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyatah | *Habigāwáyatam | *Habigāwáyatām | *HabigāwáyaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *Habigāwáyāmah(i) | *Habigāwáyāma | — | *HabigāwáyaHama | *Habigāwáyayma |
| 2nd | *HabigāwáyaθHa | *Habigāwáyata | *Habigāwáyata | *HabigāwáyaHθaHa | *Habigāwáyayta | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyanti | *Habigāwáyantu | *Habigāwáyantu | *HabigāwáyaHant(i) | *Habigāwáyayant | |
| Participle | *Habigāwáyāh | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *Habigāwáyay | *Habigāwáyay | — | *HabigāwáyaHi | *Habigāwáyaya |
| 2nd | *Habigāwáyahay | *Habigāwáyaha | *Habigāwáyahwa | *HabigāwáyaHahay | *Habigāwáyayša | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyatay | *Habigāwáyata | *Habigāwáyatām | *HabigāwáyaHatay | *Habigāwáyayta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *HabigāwáyayθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyaytay | *Habigāwáyaytam | ? | ? | *Habigāwáyayātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *Habigāwáyāmaday | *Habigāwáyāmadi | — | *HabigāwáyaHāmaday | *Habigāwáyaymadi |
| 2nd | *Habigāwáyadway | *Habigāwáyadwam | *Habigāwáyaydwam | *HabigāwáyaHadway | *Habigāwáyaydwam | |
| 3rd | *Habigāwáyantay, *-aray | *Habigāwáyanta | *Habigāwáyantām | *HabigāwáyaHantay, *-aHaram | *Habigāwáyayanta | |
| Participle | *HabigāwáyaHnah | |||||
Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (βɣʾwy, 3sg.impv.), [script needed] (mβɣʾwyd, “to multiply, increase”, 3sg.impf.)
- >? Bactrian: αβζιιαμo (abziiamo, 1pl.subj.), αβζιιενδδηιo (abziienddēio, 3pl.opt.), αβζιιηιo (abziiēio, “to continue”, 1sg.opt.)
- Sogdian: (“to increase”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫋𐫀𐫇 (βjʾw /β(ə)žāw/, 2sg.impv.act.) (< 2sg.impv.act. *Habiǰā́w)
- Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾβzʾwt /(ə)βžāwt/), 𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (βzʾwt /β(ə)žāwt/, 3sg.pres.act.)
- Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (βz’w /β(ə)žāw/, 2sg.impv.act.)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾbgʾwynd /aβɣāwēnd/, 3pl.pres.ind.), 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫅 (ʾbgʾwyd /aβɣāwēd/, 2pl.impf.)
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-y-j-a-v-y-m /abiyajāvayam/), 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-j-a-v-y-m /abījāvayam/, “to add”, 1sg.impf.act.)[8]
- Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyd), 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyyd /abzāyēd/)
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-y-j-a-v-y-m /abiyajāvayam/), 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-j-a-v-y-m /abījāvayam/, “to add”, 1sg.impf.act.)[8]
Notes
- ^ Either built as a secondary causative to *Habiǰáwati (“to increase, add”), or contaminated by it.
References
- ^ Henning, W. B. (1971), “(’)βɣ’wy-”, in MacKenzie, D. N., editor, A Fragment of a Khwarezmian Dictionary (Tehran University. Publication no. 1317), London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN, page 47: “*abi-gāwaya-”
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228: “*abi-gāu̯ai̯a-”
- ^ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003), “افزودن”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*abi-gāvaya-”
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995), “’βz’w-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “*abi-žāwaya-”
- ^ Gershevitch, I. (1954) A Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, page 29, §187: "Passive to abi-žāwaya-"
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*ǰaiH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995), “ʾβzʾy-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “(ə)βžay; *abi-žawya-”
- ^ Kent, Roland G. (1950), Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 185