Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ǰāmáyati
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From earlier *gāmáyati, contaminated by *Háǰant, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gāmáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷom-éye-ti, from *gʷem- (“to go”) + *-éyeti. Cognate with Sanskrit गमयति (gamayati).
Verb
Inflection
| aya-causative | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sing. | 3rd | *ǰāmáyati | ||||
| Plur. | 3rd | *ǰāmáyanti | ||||
| Active voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *ǰāmáyaH(mi) | *ǰāmáyam | — | *ǰāmáyaH(ni) | *ǰāmáyayam |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyahi | *ǰāmáyah | *ǰāmáya | *ǰāmáyaHah(i) | *ǰāmáyayš | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyati | *ǰāmáyat | *ǰāmáyatu | *ǰāmáyaHat(i) | *ǰāmáyayt | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyaθHah | ? | *ǰāmáyaθHam | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyatah | *ǰāmáyatam | *ǰāmáyatām | *ǰāmáyaHtah | ? | |
| Plur. | 1st | *ǰāmáyāmah(i) | *ǰāmáyāma | — | *ǰāmáyaHama | *ǰāmáyayma |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyaθHa | *ǰāmáyata | *ǰāmáyata | *ǰāmáyaHθaHa | *ǰāmáyayta | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyanti | *ǰāmáyantu | *ǰāmáyantu | *ǰāmáyaHant(i) | *ǰāmáyayant | |
| Participle | *ǰāmáyāh | |||||
| Mediopassive voice | ||||||
| Indicative | Imperfect | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative | ||
| Sing. | 1st | *ǰāmáyay | *ǰāmáyay | — | *ǰāmáyaHi | *ǰāmáyaya |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyahay | *ǰāmáyaha | *ǰāmáyahwa | *ǰāmáyaHahay | *ǰāmáyayša | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyatay | *ǰāmáyata | *ǰāmáyatām | *ǰāmáyaHatay | *ǰāmáyayta | |
| Dual | 1st | ? | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyayθHay | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyaytay | *ǰāmáyaytam | ? | ? | *ǰāmáyayātam | |
| Plur. | 1st | *ǰāmáyāmaday | *ǰāmáyāmadi | — | *ǰāmáyaHāmaday | *ǰāmáyaymadi |
| 2nd | *ǰāmáyadway | *ǰāmáyadwam | *ǰāmáyaydwam | *ǰāmáyaHadway | *ǰāmáyaydwam | |
| 3rd | *ǰāmáyantay, *-aray | *ǰāmáyanta | *ǰāmáyantām | *ǰāmáyaHantay, *-aHaram | *ǰāmáyayanta | |
| Participle | *ǰāmáyaHnah | |||||
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬘𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (jāmaiieiti, “to come”)
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʾmy, imp.), [script needed] (mʾzʾmy-, ipf.), [script needed] (mʾzʾdk, “to bring, present”, ppp.)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: 𐫋𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫅 (jʾmyd /žāmēd/, “to lead”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫗𐫀𐫅 (zʾmnʾd /žāmānd/, “to lead”, 3sg.caus.subj.act.)
- ⇒ Middle Persian: (“to send”)
- Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫆 (zʾmynyẖ /zāmēnēh/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫅 (z’myn’d /zāmēnād/, 3sg.subj.)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zʾmynytn' /zāmēnīdan/)
- ⇒ Middle Persian: (“to send”)
- Middle Persian: 𐫉𐫀𐫖𐫗𐫀𐫅 (zʾmnʾd /žāmānd/, “to lead”, 3sg.caus.subj.act.)
References
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007), “*¹gam- : gm- : ga- : ǰam-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page *ǰāmai̯a-
- ^ Benzing, Johannes (1983), “z'my-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 709: “*ǰāmaya-”
Further reading
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gam¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN