Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wáy

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology 1

Origin unclear.

Particle

*wáy^[1]

emphatic particle: truly

Alternative reconstructions

*waHi^[2]

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wáy
- Sanskrit: वै (vái)
Proto-Iranian: *wáy
- Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬋𐬌 (vōi)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “vái”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 587
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 765

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wáy.

Interjection

*wáy

woe! alas!

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- >? Vedic Sanskrit: उ॒वे (uvé)^[1] (hapax of uncertain meaning, possibly "I see" and related to Hittite 𒌋𒄴𒄭 (u-uḫ-ḫi, “I see”)^[2]^[3])
Proto-Iranian: *wáy
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌 (vaiiōi)
- Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾd /⁠wāy⁠/), 𐫇𐫀𐫏 (wʾy /⁠wāy⁠/)
  - Persian: وای (vây) (see there for further descendants)
- Parthian: 𐫇𐫀𐫏 (wʾy /⁠wāy⁠/)
- Zazaki: way
- → Old Armenian: վայ (vay)
  - Armenian: վայ (vay)

References

^ Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “wai”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 387-8
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “uvé”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 536
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “uvé”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 233

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “vái”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 587

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 765

[3] Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986), “wai”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 387-8

[4] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “uvé”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 536

[5] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “uvé”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 233

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