Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/káćšas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kóḱs-o-s, from *koḱs- (“joint”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *koksā (whence Latin coxa (“hip”)), Old Irish coss (“foot”), Tocharian B kakse (“midriff, loins”).^[1]

Noun

*káćšas m

(anatomy) armpit

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*káćšas	*káćšā(w)	*káćšās(as)
vocative	*káćša	*káćšā(w)	*káćšās(as)
accusative	*káćšam	*káćšā(w)	*káćšāns
instrumental	*káćšaH	*káćšaybʰyā(m)	*káćšāyš
ablative	*káćšāt	*káćšaybʰyā(m)	*káćšaybʰyas
dative	*káćšāy	*káćšaybʰyā(m)	*káćšaybʰyas
genitive	*káćšasya	*káćšayās	*káćšānaHam
locative	*káćšay	*káćšayaw	*káćšayšu

Derived terms

*upakaćšas
- Proto-Iranian: *upakašah
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾpkš /⁠əpkaš⁠/)
  - Yaghnobi: [script needed] (kapáš, kⁱpáš)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *káṭṣas
- Sanskrit: कक्ष (kákṣa) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *kášah
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬱𐬀 (kaša)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Gurani: کەش (keş)
  - Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: کۆش (koş, “lap”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Middle Persian: [script needed] (kš /⁠kaš⁠/)
    - Persian: کش (kaš)
Proto-Nuristani:
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: kāčkařū
  - Prasuni: kuṣlogu
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Waigali: kačãt

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “kákṣa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “coxa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “coxa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140

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