Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hártʰam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁er-tHo-m, from *h₁er- (“to arrive, get somewhere”). Cognate with ऋ (ṛ, “to reach, come towards”) (but not ऋ (ṛ) in the "move, shake" sense), Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”), Albanian erdha (“to have come, originated”) (via a derivative *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move”)), and Hittite [script needed] (ār-, “to come to, arrive at”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

*Hártʰam n

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hártʰam	*Hártʰay	*HártʰaH
vocative	*Hártʰam	*Hártʰay	*HártʰaH
accusative	*Hártʰam	*Hártʰay	*HártʰaH
instrumental	*HártʰaH	*Hártʰaybʰyā(m)	*Hártʰāyš
ablative	*Hártʰāt	*Hártʰaybʰyā(m)	*Hártʰaybʰyas
dative	*Hártʰāy	*Hártʰaybʰyā(m)	*Hártʰaybʰyas
genitive	*Hártʰasya	*Hártʰayās	*HártʰānaHam
locative	*Hártʰay	*Hártʰayaw	*Hártʰayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hártʰam
- Sanskrit: अर्थ n or m (ártha) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *Hárθam
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬀 (ar^əθa)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ártha-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 117
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ártha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 55

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ártha-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 117

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ártha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 55

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[2]