Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ʰánuš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵénus. The irregular aspiration of *ȷ́ might be explained as further differentiation from *ȷ́ā́nu (“knee”).^[1]

Noun

*ȷ́ʰánuš f^[2] (anatomy)

jaw
chin

Inflection

masculine u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȷ́ʰánuš	*ȷ́ʰánuH	*ȷ́ʰánawas
vocative	*ȷ́ʰánaw	*ȷ́ʰánuH	*ȷ́ʰánawas
accusative	*ȷ́ʰánum	*ȷ́ʰánuH	*ȷ́ʰánunš
instrumental	*ȷ́ʰánuH	*ȷ́ʰánubʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰánubʰiš
ablative	*ȷ́ʰánwas	*ȷ́ʰánubʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰánubʰyas
dative	*ȷ́ʰánaway	*ȷ́ʰánubʰyā(m)	*ȷ́ʰánubʰyas
genitive	*ȷ́ʰánwas	*ȷ́ʰánuwās	*ȷ́ʰánuHnaHam
locative	*ȷ́ʰánāw	*ȷ́ʰánuwaw	*ȷ́ʰánušu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰánuṣ
- Sanskrit: हनु (hánu)
Proto-Iranian: *jánuš
- Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zanauua, “both jaws”, du.)
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *jánukah
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: erzink, erzing, çene
    
    Central Kurdish: چەناگە (çenage), چەنەگە (çenege)
    
    Southern Kurdish: چناکە (çnake)
    
    Laki: زِنج (zinc)
  - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗𐫟 (znx /⁠zanax⁠/)
      - → Persian: زنخ (zanax)
    - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      - Gurani: چەناکە (čanāka), زنج (zinǰ)
      - Zazaki: çenge
    - → Persian: چانه (čâne), (Qazwini Dialect) چکن (čakan), چک (čak, “upper/lower jaw”)
  - Digor Ossetian: закъӕ (zak’æ), зекъӕ (zek’æ)
  - Iron Ossetian: зачъе (zaḱ’e)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫗𐫇𐫃 (dnwg /⁠danūg⁠/)
  - Lurish:
    - Northern Luri: چناْ (čena)
      Nahavandi: زنج (zenj)
    - Bakhtiari: زنج (zenj)
    - Southern Luri: زنج (zenj)
  - Pashto: زنه (zana)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “hánu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 801-2
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “hánu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “hánu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 801-2

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “hánu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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