Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćwā́

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”). In late Proto-Indo-Iranian, *kútas displaces this inherited word, with reflexes such as Prakrit 𑀓𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (kutta) and Proto-Iranian *kútah.

    Noun

    *ćwā́ m

    1. dog

    Inflection

    consonant stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ćwā́ *ćwā́nā(w) *ćwā́nas
    vocative *ćwán *ćwā́nā(w) *ćwā́nas
    accusative *ćwā́nam *ćwā́nā(w) *ćunás
    instrumental *ćunáH *ćwabʰyā́(m) *ćwabʰíš
    ablative *ćunás *ćwabʰyā́(m) *ćwabʰyáH
    dative *ćunáy *ćwabʰyā́(m) *ćwabʰyáH
    genitive *ćunás *ćwaHā́s *ćunáHam
    locative *ćwáni *ćwaHáw *ćwasú

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwā́
      • Sanskrit: श्वन् (śván) (see there for further descendants)
      • Middle Indo-Aryan: *śuvāṇa
        • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀯𑀸𑀡 (suvāṇa)
          • Old Marathi: सुणें n (suṇeṃ), सुणा m (suṇā), सुणी f (suṇī)
          • Konkani: सुणो (suṇo)
        • Magadhi Prakrit:
          • → Bengali: শ্বাপদ (śapod)
    • Proto-Iranian: *cwā́ (see there for further descendants)
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