Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh₂k-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *seh₂k-[1][2]

    1. to make a pact, treaty
    2. to make sacred
    3. ceremony, ritual

    Reconstruction notes

    • Ringe reconstructs the root with the vowel /a/, although Pronk suggests that the reconstruction *seh₂k- or *seh₂ḱ- is preferable to account for the ablaut variations.[3]
    • Proto-Germanic *sahtiz (“reconciliation”), e.g. Old Norse sátt (“treaty”), is traditionally connected to this root. However, the favored connection is now to *seh₂g- (“to seek”).

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *seh₂k- (15 c, 0 e)
    • *sh₂-né-k-ti ~ *sh₂-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Italic: *sankjō (see there for further descendants)
    • *seh₂k-lōy-s[5]
      • Anatolian:
        • Hittite: 𒊭𒀝𒆷𒅖 (ša-ak-la-iš), 𒊭𒀝𒆷𒀀𒅖 (ša-ak-la-a-iš), 𒊭𒀀𒀝𒆷𒀀𒅖 (ša-a-ak-la-a-iš /⁠šāklāiš⁠/)
    • *séh₂k-mn̥ ~ *sh₂k-mén-s
    • *seh₂k-ri-s
      • Proto-Italic: *sākris (see there for further descendants)
    • *sh₂k-ró-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *sakros (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *sakros (“sacred”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Tocharian:
        • >? Tocharian A: sākär (“auspicious, good, favorable”) (or from *seh₁ḱ-)[6]
        • >? Tocharian B: sākre (“happy, blissful, auspicious”)

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sacer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532
    2. ^ Ranko Matasović (2018), “A Reader in Comparative Indo-European Mythology”, in mudrac.ffzg.hr‎[1]: “PIE *seh₂k-/ *sh₂k-”
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Pronk, Tijmen (2019), “Proto-Indo-European *a”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 7, page 128 of 122–163
    4. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 10: “*sak-”
    5. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šāklāi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 700
    6. ^ Tao Pan (2024), “Notes on the Tocharian A Lexicon”, in Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia‎[3] (in British English), volume 37, →DOI, →ISSN, page 167: “*sh₁ḱ-ro- >Proto-Toch. *sakræ- > Toch. A sākär”

    Further reading

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