Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sésti
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic root present of *ses-.
Verb
*sésti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
Conjugation
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *sésti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ssénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *sésmi | *sésm̥ | — | *sésoh₂ | *séyeh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *sési | *sés | *sés, *ssédʰi | *sésesi | *séyeh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *sésti | *sést | *séstu | *séseti | *séyeh₁t |
| 1st dual | *sséwos | *sséwe | — | *sésowos | *séyh₁we |
| 2nd dual | *ssétes | *ssétom | *ssétom | *sésetes | *séyh₁tom |
| 3rd dual | *ssétes | *ssétām | *ssétām | *sésetes | *séyh₁tām |
| 1st plural | *ssémos | *sséme | — | *sésomos | *séyh₁me |
| 2nd plural | *sséte | *sséte | *sséte | *sésete | *séyh₁te |
| 3rd plural | *ssénti | *ssént | *sséntu | *sésonti | *séyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *ssónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ssóh₂er | *ssóh₂e | — | *sésoh₂er | *séyh₁h₂e |
| 2nd singular | *sséth₂er | *sséth₂e | *sséso | *séseth₂er | *séyh₁th₂e |
| 3rd singular | *ssétor | *sséto | *? | *sésetor | *séyh₁to, *séyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *ssówosdʰh₂ | *ssówedʰh₂ | — | *sésowosdʰh₂ | *séyh₁wedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ssómosdʰh₂ | *ssómedʰh₂ | — | *sésomosdʰh₂ | *séyh₁medʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ssédʰh₂we | *ssédʰh₂we | *ssédʰh₂we | *sésedʰh₂we | *séyh₁dʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *ssóntor | *ssónto | *? | *sésontor | *séyh₁ro |
| Participle | *ssómnos | ||||
Reconstruction notes
The full-grade stem *sés- is unproblematic. However, the shape of the zero-grade stem *ssé- is somewhat unusual. According to both Kloekhorst and the LIV, it was probably realized as something akin to /səs/.
Descendants
- Proto-Anatolian: *sésti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sásti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sásti
- Vedic Sanskrit: सस्ति (sásti, “to sleep”)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (hahmī, 1sg.)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sásti
References
- ^ Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2126
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šeš-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 746-747
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ses-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 536-537
- ^ Rosa Ronzitti (20 March 2019), “Indo-Iranian Lullabies”, in Indo-Iranian Journal[1], volume 62, number 1, , →ISSN, page 8: “the athematic present of *ses-, *sésti, seems archaic and inherited”
- ^ Anthony D. Yates (12 June 2016), “Stress assignment in Hittite and Proto-Indo-European”, in Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America[2], volume 1, , →ISSN, page 12
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*ses- ‘rest, sleep, keep quiet’ (pres. *sésti).”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 527
- ^ Jamison, Stephanie W. (1982), ““Sleep” in Vedic and Indo-European”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung[3], volume 96, number 1, →ISSN, page 15: “In contrast, the exact agreement between Vedic sasti and Hittite šešzi allows us confidently to attribute this present to the proto-language”
- ^ Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, page 13
- ^ Yates, Anthony D. (2016), “Hittite Stressed Vowel Lengthening and the Phonology-Orthography Interface”, in Goldstein, David M, Vine, Brent, Jamison, Stephanie W., editors, Proceedings of the 27th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, page 237