Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/séh₂ls

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Noun

    *séh₂ls

    1. salt

    Declension

    Athematic, proterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *séh₂ls
    genitive *sh₂lés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *séh₂ls — —
    vocative *séh₂l — —
    accusative *séh₂lm̥ — —
    genitive *sh₂lés — —
    ablative *sh₂lés — —
    dative *sh₂léy — —
    locative *sh₂él, *sh₂éli — —
    instrumental *sh₂léh₁ — —

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    • Unsorted formations:
      • Old Armenian: քաղցր (kʻałcʻr) (partially)
      • Proto-Germanic: *sultijō (“brine; saltmarsh”)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Albanian: *śālā (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Albanian: * ̊śali(m)-
    • Proto-Albanian: *en-salima
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: աղ (ał)
      • Old Armenian: աղտ (ałt) < *séh₂ld-
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *salˀdus (from *sh₂el-d-u-s or *sh₂l-d-u-s), *sāˀlis
      • Latgalian: sõļs, solds, soldons
      • Latvian: sāls, salds
      • Old Prussian: sal
      • Lithuanian: saldus, sálti (“sweeten”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *solь (see there for further descendants), *soldъ (“malt”) (see there for further descendants), *soldъkъ (“sweet”) (see there for further descendants)
        • → Proto-Iranian: *solH (“salt”)
          • Zazaki: sol (“salt”)
          • Northern Kurdish: solin (“salt”), sû (“saltless”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *sālos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *saleinos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *saltą (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *hā́ls (see there for further descendants)
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Indo-Aryan:
      • Iranian
        • Persian: هلتاک (haltâk, “salty yoghurt”), هلث (halþ~halt, “salty, salty food”)
    • Proto-Italic: *sāls (see there for further descendants)
    • Tocharian:
    • → Proto-Uralic: (independent loans from early Indo-European at least in Finno-Permic and Ob-Ugric;[3] common Finno-Permic *sala is sometimes reconstructed[4])
      • Proto-Ugric:
        • Khanty:
          • Eastern Khanty: салнә (salnə)
          • Northern Khanty: сӑл (săl)
      • Proto-Permic:
      • Mari:
        • Eastern Mari: шинчал (šinčal)
      • Proto-Mordvinic:
      • Proto-Finnic: *soola (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 11
    2. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 586-590
    3. ^ Joki, Aulis J. (1973), Uralier und Indogermanen [Uralians and Indo-Europeans] (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 151) (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN
    4. ^ Rédei, Károly (1986–88), Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
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