Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péth₂r̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *peth₂- (“to fly”) +‎ *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix).

    Noun

    *péth₂r̥ n (oblique stem *pth₂én-)

    1. wing
    2. feather

    Inflection

    Athematic, proterokinetic
    singular collective
    nominative *péth₂r̥ *péth₂ōr
    genitive *pth₂éns *pth₂nés
    singular dual plural collective
    nominative *péth₂r̥ — — *péth₂ōr
    vocative *péth₂r̥ — — *péth₂ōr
    accusative *péth₂r̥ — — *péth₂ōr
    genitive *pth₂éns — — *pth₂nés
    ablative *pth₂éns — — *pth₂nés
    dative *pth₂éney — — *pth₂néy
    locative *pth₂én, *pth₂éni — — *pth₂én, *pth₂éni
    instrumental *pth₂énh₁ — — *pth₂néh₁

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    • *péth₂n-eh₂
      • Proto-Italic: *petnā[2]
        • Latin: penna (see there for further descendants)
    • *péth₂n-o-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *ɸetnos (see there for further descendants)
    • *péth₂r-eh₂
      • Proto-Germanic: *feþrō (see there for further descendants)
    • *péth₂r-ó-m
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pera
        • >? Proto-Slavic: *pero (“feather”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Hellenic: *pterón (< *pter-ó-m)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒁁𒋻 n (pát-tar /⁠pattar⁠/, “wing”), 𒁁𒁕𒈾𒀸 (pád-da-na-aš /⁠pattanaš⁠/, gen.sg.)[3]
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: թեր (tʻer, “*wing, *feather; *leaf; side”), թերթ (tʻertʻ, “leaf”), թիթեռն (tʻitʻeṙn, “butterfly”) < *pter-
        • Armenian: թեր (tʻer, “leaf”)
      • Old Armenian: թիռ- (tʻiṙ-, “to fly”) < *ptēr-
      • Old Armenian: փետուր (pʻetur, “feather”) (possibly; or a borrowing from other descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *ɸatar
      • Proto-Brythonic: *adar
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ὑπο-πετρίδιος (hupo-petrídios, “winged”)
      • Ancient Greek: πτέρυξ (ptérux) (possibly)

    References

    1. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “penna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458
    3. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “(UZU)pattas / pattan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 761-763

    Further reading

    • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πτερόν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1248
    • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 286–294
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