Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/meh₂ḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *meh₂ḱ-

    1. to raise, increase
    2. long

    Reconstruction notes

    The LIV notes that the only satem language evidence for the palatal *ḱ comes from Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬯- (mas-, “great”) and its derivatives. The LIV attributes this word to a dialectal variant of Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰- (maz-) from *méǵh₂s. This would also help explain the short root vowel found throughout the Avestan forms. If Avestan does not belong here, then *meh₂k- could very well be the correct form.[1]

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *meh₂ḱ- (9 c, 0 e)
    • *mh₂ḱ-eh₁-ye-ti
      • Proto-Italic: *makēō
    • *méh₂ḱ- ~ *m̥h₂ḱ-
      • Proto-Celtic: *maketi
        • Brythonic:
          • Middle Breton: maguaff
            • Breton: maezhur, magañ
          • Cornish: maga
          • Middle Welsh: magu
        • Goidelic:
    • *m(e)h₂ḱ-l-ónt-
      • Anatolian:
        • Hittite: 𒈠𒀝𒆷𒀭𒋫𒀭 (ma-ak-la-an-ta-an, acc.sg.c.)
    • *méh₂ḱ-os ~ *méh₂ḱ-es-[2]
    • *méh₂ḱ-isto-
      • Proto-Hellenic: *mā́kistos
        • Ancient Greek: μήκιστος (mḗkistos)
          Doric Greek: μᾱ́κιστος (mā́kistos)
      • Indo-Iranian:
        • Iranian:
          • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬯𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 (masišta)
          • Old Persian: [script needed] (maθišta-)
    • *mh₂ḱ-rós[3][4][5]
    • *mh₂ḱ-tós[6]
    • *m̥h₂ḱ-wós[7]
    Unsorted forms

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), “*meh₂k-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎[1]
    2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μῆκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 942
    3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “macer”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*magra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 347
    5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μακρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 895
    6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mactus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 357
    7. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*makʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 253-254
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