Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwr̥-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Zero grade form of *kʷetwóres (“four”).

    Prefix

    *kʷ(e)twr̥- (before cons.) or *kʷ(e)tur- (before vow.) or *kʷ(e)tru- (with metathesis)[1]

    1. four, fourfold

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms prefixed with *kʷetwr̥-
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷétwr̥dḱomt
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwr̥tós

    Descendants

    • Proto-Celtic: *kʷetru- (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *feþur-
    • Hellenic:
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷatru-
      • Latin: quadri-, quadru- (see there for further descendants)
      • Umbrian: petur- (as in peturpursus)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwr̥-
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćatwr̥-
        • Sanskrit: चतुर्- (catur-)
      • Proto-Iranian: *čatwr̥-
        • Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬎- (caθru-) (e.g., 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬎𐬨𐬁𐬵𐬌𐬌𐬀 (caθrumāhiia, “four-monthed”), 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬎𐬗𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬥 (caθrucašman, “four-eyed”))

    References

    1. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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