Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíd

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Pronoun

    *kʷíd[1]

    1. neuter nominative/accusative singular of *kʷís: what? which?

    Usage notes

    Was used in unstressed form as an indefinite, generalising particle.[2]

    Descendants

    • Proto-Albanian: *tši
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: -չ (-čʻ) (in ինչ (inčʻ, “some”))
    • Proto-Anatolian: *kʷíd
      • Hittite: 𒆪𒀉 (ku-it)
      • Luwian: 𒆪𒄿 (ku-i)
      • Lydian: 𐤲𐤦𐤣 (qid)
      • Palaic: 𒆪𒀉 (ku-it)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ki (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *kʷid (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷí
      • Ancient Greek: τί (tí)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čid (particle)
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćid
      • Proto-Iranian: *čid
        • Avestan: 𐬗𐬌𐬝 (cit̰), 𐬗𐬍𐬝 (cīt̰)
        • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠ciy⁠/)
    • Proto-Italic: *kʷid
      • Latin: quid (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 453
    2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “2.*-ku̯id 'irgend, einigermassen; jeder; sogar'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 448-451

    Further reading

    • Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003), “*-čid / *-čit”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 254-6
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