Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂neḱ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Conflated with *h₁neḱ- (“to receive, take away”) by Pokorny.^[1]^[2]

Root

*h₂neḱ- (perfective)^[3]^[4]^[5]

to reach, to attain

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂neḱ- (30 c, 0 e)

*h₂néḱ-t ~ *h₂n̥ḱ-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́našt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hā́naṣṭ
    - Sanskrit: आनट् (ā́naṭ), आष्ट (ā́ṣṭa, 3sg. middle)
*h₂e-h₂nóḱ-e ~ *h₂e-h₂n̥ḱ-ḗr (stative)
*h₂n-né-ḱ-ti ~ *h₂n-n̥-ḱ-énti (nasal infix present)
- Proto-Celtic: *annketi
  - Old Irish: ·icc
*h₂n̥ḱ-néw-ti ~ *h₂n̥ḱ-nw-énti (nu-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haćnáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Haśnáwti
    - Sanskrit: अश्नोति (aśnóti)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hacnáwtī
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ašnaoⁱti)
*h₂i-h₂n̥ḱ-sé-ti (desiderative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: इयक्षति (íyakṣati)
      - Sanskrit: इनक्षति (ínakṣati) (with clarified root)
*h₂nḗḱ-wos
- Proto-Germanic: *nēhwaz (see there for further descendants)
*h₂nōḱ-ós
- Proto-Germanic: *ganōgaz (see there for further descendants)
*h₂n̥ḱ-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haćnás
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hacnáh (“near”)
    - Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬁𐬝 (asnāt̰, abl.sg.;adv.)
      - Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬈 (asne, loc.sg.)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (ašnaiy, loc.sg.)
⇒? *bʰrenḱ- (theorized as a compound root with *bʰer- as first particle; otherwise formed with *h₁n(e)ḱ-)
- Proto-Germanic: *bringaną (“to bring”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted derivations

Proto-Celtic: *ankenā
- Old Irish: éicen, écen
  - Irish: éigean, éigin
  - Manx: egin
  - Scottish Gaelic: èiginn
- Proto-Brythonic: *anken
  - Breton: anken
  - Cornish: anken
  - Middle Welsh: anghen
    - Welsh: angen
Proto-Celtic: *onkeyeti (causative of the preceding)
- Old Irish: ·uic
>? Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἀνάγκη (anánkē)
Proto-Tocharian: *eṅk-^[6]
- Tocharian A: eṃts-
- Tocharian B: eṅk-

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 316-318
^ Ramón, J. L. G. (1999). Zur Bedeutung indogermanischer Verbalwurzeln: *h₂nek̑- 'erreichen, reichen bis', *h₁nek̑- 'erhalten, (weg)nehmen'.
^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “eṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 81-82

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “enek̑-, nek̑-, enk̑-, n̥k̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 316-318

[2] Ramón, J. L. G. (1999). Zur Bedeutung indogermanischer Verbalwurzeln: *h₂nek̑- 'erreichen, reichen bis', *h₁nek̑- 'erhalten, (weg)nehmen'.

[3] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[4] Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “eṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 81-82

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