Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁weh₂-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂weh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁weh₂-^[1]

to be/become empty^[2]
to be extinguished^[3]

Alternative reconstructions

*weh₂-^[4]

Descendants

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁weh₂- (27 c, 0 e)

*(h₁)wéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: vójęs
  - Latvian: vâjêt
- Proto-Hellenic: *ewajō (possibly)
  - Ancient Greek: ἐάω (eáō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HwáHyati (see there for further descendants)
*(h₁)u-né-h₂-ti ~ *(h₁)u-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Hittite: 𒌋𒌦𒄩𒀭𒍣 (u-un-ḫa-an-zi /⁠unḫanzi⁠/, “to empty”, 3pl.pres.) (with generalised weak stem)
*(h₁)wḗh₂-s-t (s-aorist)^[1]
- Proto-Hellenic: (possibly)
  - Epic Greek: ἔᾱσα (éāsa)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáwaHst
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáwaHst
    - Sanskrit: अवासीत् (ávāsīt)
*(h₁)weh₂-nos or *(h₁)uh₂-nos^[5]^[4]
- Proto-Germanic: *wanaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HuHnás (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wānos (or *wā̆snos < *(h₁)weh₂-snos)
  - Latin: vānus (see there for further descendants)
*h₁uh₂-s-nós^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *wasnos (“weak”) (see there for further descendants)
*(h₁)weh₂-stos^[7]^[8]
- Proto-Celtic: *wāstos (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *wōstaz, *wōstuz
  - Proto-West Germanic: *wōstī (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wāstos^[9]
  - Latin: vāstus (see there for further descendants)
*(h₁)uh₂-kos^[10]
- Proto-Italic: *wakos (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
*(h₁)uh₂-n-^[11]
- >? Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ունայն (unayn)
    - Armenian: ունայն (unayn)
- Proto-Hellenic:^[12] (possibly)
  - Ancient Greek: εὖνις (eûnis, “bereft”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *wānti
Proto-Albanian: *wānā
- Albanian: vonë
Proto-Celtic: *oumā (“cave”)
- Old Irish: úam
  - Irish: uaimh
  - Scottish Gaelic: uaimh
Proto-Germanic: *wanatōną (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *wanōną (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 254
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “vā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 575
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wana- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 572-573: “*uh̥₂-no-/*ueh₂-nó-”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vānus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 653: “*h₁ueh₂-no-, *h₁ueh₂-sno-, or *h₁uh₂-no-”
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 46-47
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “h₁w(e)h₂-sto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 655-656
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*wāsto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 403-404: “*h₁weh₂stos”
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vāstus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 655-656
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vacō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 649-650: “*h₁uh₂-ko-”
^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “unayn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 635: “*(h₁)uh₂-n-”
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εὖνις, -(ι)δος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 481-482

Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 345 of 345, 346

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 254

[LIV_addenda-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2025), Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎^[1]

[3] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “vā [2]”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 575

[Kroonen_1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wana- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 572-573: “*uh̥₂-no-/*ueh₂-nó-”

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vānus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 653: “*h₁ueh₂-no-, *h₁ueh₂-sno-, or *h₁uh₂-no-”

[6] Zair, Nicholas (2012), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 46-47

[De_vaan_2-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “h₁w(e)h₂-sto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 655-656

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*wāsto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 403-404: “*h₁weh₂stos”

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vāstus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 655-656

[De_Vaan_1-10] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vacō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 649-650: “*h₁uh₂-ko-”

[Martirosyan_1-11] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “unayn”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 635: “*(h₁)uh₂-n-”

[Beekes_1-12] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εὖνις, -(ι)δος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 481-482

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