Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁esh₂ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*h₁esh₂ós m (non-ablauting)^[1]^[2]

master

Declension

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₁esh₂ós
genitive	*h₁esh₂ósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁esh₂ós	*h₁esh₂óh₁	*h₁esh₂óes
vocative	*h₁esh₂é	*h₁esh₂óh₁	*h₁esh₂óes
accusative	*h₁esh₂óm	*h₁esh₂óh₁	*h₁esh₂óms
genitive	*h₁esh₂ósyo	*?	*h₁esh₂óHom
ablative	*h₁esh₂éad	*?	h₁esh₂ómos, h₁esh₂óbʰos
dative	*h₁esh₂óey	*?	h₁esh₂ómos, h₁esh₂óbʰos
locative	h₁esh₂éy, h₁esh₂óy	*?	*h₁esh₂óysu
instrumental	*h₁esh₂óh₁	*?	*h₁esh₂ṓys

Derived terms

*h₁esh₂éh₂?^[1]^[2]
- Proto-Italic:
  - >? Latin: era

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒅖𒄩𒀀𒀸 (išḫāš, “master”)^[3]
Proto-Celtic:
- >? Gaulish: Esus, Aesus (“Esus, a Gaulish deity”)
Proto-Italic: *ezos^[4] (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*h₁esh₂όs 'master', *h₁esh₂éh₂”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 371
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 336-337: “A Latin-Hittite isogloss gives us both *h₁esh₂ós ‘master’ and *h₁esh₂éh_a- ‘mistress’ with no certain root etymology (Lat erus ‘master of the house, lord, owner’, era ‘mistress, lady, owner’, Hit ishā- ‘master, lord, owner’).”
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “išḫā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “erus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 194–195

[EIEC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*h₁esh₂όs 'master', *h₁esh₂éh₂”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 371

[Mallory2006-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 336-337: “A Latin-Hittite isogloss gives us both *h₁esh₂ós ‘master’ and *h₁esh₂éh_a- ‘mistress’ with no certain root etymology (Lat erus ‘master of the house, lord, owner’, era ‘mistress, lady, owner’, Hit ishā- ‘master, lord, owner’).”

[Kloekhorst-3] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “išḫā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “erus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 194–195

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]