Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷreh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *gʷreh₂- (adjectival)

    1. heavy
      Antonym: *h₁lengʷʰ-

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷreh₂- (22 c, 0 e)
    • *gʷréh₂-u-s ~ *gʷr̥h₂-éw-s
    • *gʷréh₂-mr̥ ~ *gʷr̥h₂-méns[2][3]
      • Proto-Tocharian: *krāmär[2]
    • *gʷréh₂-mō ~ *gʷr̥h₂-m̥nés[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gárHmā
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gárHmā
    • *gʷr̥h₂-smh₂-ós (+ *semh₂-)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hsmás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥Hsmás
    • ? *gʷer(h₂)-d- (or similar, with laryngeal deletion; back-formed from *gʷr̥h₂-d(H)-?)
      • ⇒ *gʷérd-u-s ~ *gʷr̥d-ú-s (“heavy; slow, sluggish; dull”) (or similar; only the zero-grade *gʷr̥d- is reconstructible)
        • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
          • Eastern Baltic:
            • Latvian: gur̃ds (“tired”)
            • Lithuanian: gurdùs (“slow”)
          • Proto-Slavic: *gъ̑rdъ (“proud”) (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-Hellenic: *gʷrədús (or *gʷradús, from *gʷr̥h₂-d-)
          • Ancient Greek: βραδύς (bradús) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *gʷordos
          • >? Latin: gurdus (“dolt; *heavy, fat”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gu̯er-, gu̯erə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 476-477
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “krāmär”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 230-231
    3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kuru”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
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