Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déḱm̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Unknown; possibly containing *ḱm̥t-, from *ḱómt (“hand”), perhaps whence Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”). See also *deḱ-.

Numeral

**Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	20 >
Cardinal : déḱm̥ Ordinal* : deḱm̥tós Collective* : *déḱm̥t

*déḱm̥ (uninflected, probably)^[1]^[2]

ten

Derived terms

*deḱḿ̥-t- (“group of ten, decad”)^[3]^[4]
- Proto-Albanian: *detsa (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *déśimt (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: दशत् (daśát)
- ⇒ *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”)

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: տասն (tasn)
  - Armenian: տասը (tasə)
Proto-Celtic: *dekam (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *tehun (or from *déḱm̥t^[5]) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *dékə (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dáća (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *dekem (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: *ćäkä^[6] (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 131
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δέκα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311-2
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 709
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 112
^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 87
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “śak”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 674-675

[1] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 131

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δέκα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 311-2

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 709

[4] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 112

[5] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[2], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 87

[6] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “śak”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 674-675

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