Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-we

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Conjunction

    *-we[1]

    1. or

    Reconstruction notes

    Often a long variant *-wē is reconstructed, but Lubotsky indicates such lengthening is unlikely for an enclitic particle.[2]

    Coordinate terms

    Derived terms

    • *-we eh₁[1] or *-weH[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wā (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *wā[3]
        • Tocharian A: pat
        • Tocharian B: wat
    • *(h₁)i-we (“as”)[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(H)iwa
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(H)iwa
      • Proto-Italic: *keiwe (< *ḱe (“here”) + *(h₁)i-we)
    • *né-we[5]

    Descendants

    • Proto-Celtic: *-we
    • Proto-Germanic: *-u (possibly)
    • Proto-Germanic: *þau (< *to- + *-we) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *ḗ-we (< *h₁ḗ-we), *ē-wé (< *h₁ē-wé)[6]
    • Proto-Italic: *-we[7]

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), “2.*-u̯e 'oder'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 845-848
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “vā”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 574
    3. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “wa1”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
    4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ceu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 112
    5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nē”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 403-404
    6. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἤ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507
    7. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-ve”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 656-657
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