Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)mer-^[1]^[2]

to fall into thinking, remember, care for

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mer- (remember) (6 c, 0 e)

*si-smér-ti ~ *si-smr-énti (reduplicated present)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: (possibly, though Beekes prefers *seh₁y- (“bond”)^[4])
  - Ancient Greek: ῑ̔μείρω (hīmeírō)
    Aeolic Greek: ἰμέρρω (imérrō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sišmárti
  - Proto-Iranian: *hišmárti
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬞𐬌 𐬵𐬌𐬱𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙 (aⁱpi hišmaraṇt, red.pres.part.)
*smér-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *smárati (see there for further descendants)
*(s)mor-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *smāráyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *smāráyati
    - Sanskrit: स्मारयति (smāráyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *(s)māráyati
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (māraiieⁱti)
*(s)mr̥-néh₂-ti ~ *(s)mr̥-nh₂-énti
- Proto-Germanic: *murnaną (“to mourn, grieve, feel sorrow”) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *murnaz (“troubled, worried”)
    - Proto-West Germanic: *murn (see there for further descendants)
*(s)mor-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *morā
  - Latin: mora
*(s)me-(s)mor-s
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: memor
*(s)me-(s)mr-os
- Proto-Germanic: *mimraz
(perhaps) *(s)mer-(s)mer-os
- Proto-Hellenic: *mérmeros
  - Ancient Greek: μέρμερος (mérmeros)
(perhaps) *(s)mer-i-mn-eh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *mérimnā
  - Ancient Greek: μέριμνα (mérimna)
(perhaps) *(s)mr̥-t-ur-os or *(s)mr̥-tu-ros
- Proto-Hellenic: *mə́rturos
  - Ancient Greek: μάρτυρος (márturos)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Germanic: *maimrōną (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *mīmrōną (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *mīmraz (“mindful”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *smar- (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “(s)mer”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 969
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*(s)mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 569-570
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*hmar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 137-138
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῑ̔́μερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 591

Root

*(s)mer-^[1]^[2]

to assign, allot

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mer- (allot) (4 c, 0 e)

*se-smór-e ~ *se-sm̥r-ḗr
- Proto-Hellenic: *héhmore
  - Ancient Greek: ἔμμορε (émmore)
    Ionic Greek: εἵμαρται (heímartai)
*(s)mér-ye-ti (*ye-present)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: *(h)méřřomai
  - Ancient Greek: μείρομαι (meíromai)
*(s)mr-éh₁ye-ti^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *merēō
  - Latin: mereō (see there for further descendants)
*(s)mér-os ~ *(s)mér-es-
- Proto-Hellenic: *(h)méros
  - Ancient Greek: μέρος (méros)
*(s)mór-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *(h)móros
  - Ancient Greek: μόρος (móros)
*(s)mór-ih₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *(h)móřřa
  - Ancient Greek: μοῖρᾰ (moîră), μοῖρ’ (moîr’) — apocopic
    - Greek: μοίρα (moíra)
    - → English: moirail
    - → English: moirocaust
*(s)mr̥-s-tó-s^[5]
- Proto-Celtic: *marstos, *marstis
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Breton: marzh
    - Cornish: marth
    - Middle Welsh: marth
  - Middle Irish: mart, mairt

Unsorted formations

(perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *mar(en)
- Albanian: marr (I take)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “smer”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 970
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*smer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 570
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μείρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 922-923
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mereō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marsto/i-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 258-259

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “(s)mer”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 969

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*(s)mer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 569-570

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*hmar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 137-138

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ῑ̔́μερος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 591

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “smer”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 970

[6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*smer-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 570

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μείρομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 922-923

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mereō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 374-375

[9] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*marsto/i-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 258-259

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