Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kend-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)kend-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to shine, appear

Alternative reconstructions

*(s)kand-, *(s)ḱend-^[4]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kend- (20 c, 0 e)

*(s)kénd-t (root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Vedic Sanskrit: अच्छान् (acchān)
*(s)kond-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: छन्दयति (chandayati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *sand-
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (psnd-ytn' /⁠passandīdan⁠/)
      - Classical Persian: پَسَنْدِیدَن (pasandīdan), پَسَنْد (pasand)
*(s)kn̥d-éh₁-ti (eh₁-stative)
- Proto-Italic: *kandēō
  - Latin: candeō
*(s)kénd-os- (acrostatic neuter s-stem)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Sanskrit: छन्दस् (chandas)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: candor
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *kʰandnā
  - Albanian: hënë (“moon”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)čandrás
  - Sanskrit: श्चन्द्र (ścandrá), चन्द्र (candrá)^[5]^[6]
  - ⇒ Vedic Sanskrit: श्चन्द् (ścand), चन्द् (cand), चनिश्चदत् (caniścadat, “shining brightly”, intensive)
- Old Armenian: խանդ (xand)
- Vedic Sanskrit: छ॒दय॑ति (chadáyati)
- >? Old Armenian: շանթ (šantʻ)
- >? Ancient Greek: κάνδαρος (kándaros)
- >? Ancient Greek: καίνυμαι (kaínumai)
- >? Vedic Sanskrit: शाश॑दान (śā́śadāna), शद् (śad)^[5]

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 554
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 526
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-7
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 546
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2001), “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici‎^[1], volume 24, page 7
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “chand”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 554

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 526

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 106-7

[4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 546

[iir-sk-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2001), “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici‎^[1], volume 24, page 7

[IAIL-6] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “chand”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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