Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵonh₁éyeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *ǵenh₁- +‎ *-éyeti.

    Verb

    *ǵonh₁éyeti (imperfective)[1][2]

    1. to bring forth

    Conjugation

    Imperfective, thematic
    3rd singular *ǵonh₁éyeti
    3rd plural *ǵonh₁éyonti
    Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *ǵonh₁éyoh₂ *ǵonh₁éyom *ǵonh₁éyōh₂ *ǵonh₁éyoyh₁m̥
    2nd singular *ǵonh₁éyesi *ǵonh₁éyes *ǵonh₁éye *ǵonh₁éyēsi *ǵonh₁éyoys
    3rd singular *ǵonh₁éyeti *ǵonh₁éyet *ǵonh₁éyetu *ǵonh₁éyēti *ǵonh₁éyoyt
    1st dual *ǵonh₁éyowos *ǵonh₁éyowe *ǵonh₁éyōwos *ǵonh₁éyoywe
    2nd dual *ǵonh₁éyetes *ǵonh₁éyetom *ǵonh₁éyetom *ǵonh₁éyētes *ǵonh₁éyoytom
    3rd dual *ǵonh₁éyetes *ǵonh₁éyetām *ǵonh₁éyetām *ǵonh₁éyētes *ǵonh₁éyoytām
    1st plural *ǵonh₁éyomos *ǵonh₁éyome *ǵonh₁éyōmos *ǵonh₁éyoyme
    2nd plural *ǵonh₁éyete *ǵonh₁éyete *ǵonh₁éyete *ǵonh₁éyēte *ǵonh₁éyoyte
    3rd plural *ǵonh₁éyonti *ǵonh₁éyont *ǵonh₁éyontu *ǵonh₁éyōnti *ǵonh₁éyoyh₁n̥t
    Participle *ǵonh₁éyonts
    Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
    1st singular *ǵonh₁éyoh₂er *ǵonh₁éyoh₂e *ǵonh₁éyōh₂er *ǵonh₁éyoyh₂e
    2nd singular *ǵonh₁éyeth₂er *ǵonh₁éyeth₂e *ǵonh₁éyeso *ǵonh₁éyēth₂er *ǵonh₁éyoyth₂e
    3rd singular *ǵonh₁éyetor *ǵonh₁éyeto *? *ǵonh₁éyētor *ǵonh₁éyoyto, *ǵonh₁éyoyh₁o
    1st dual *ǵonh₁éyowosdʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyowedʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyōwosdʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyoywedʰh₂
    2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
    1st plural *ǵonh₁éyomosdʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyomedʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyōmosdʰh₂ *ǵonh₁éyoymedʰh₂
    2nd plural *ǵonh₁éyedʰh₂we *ǵonh₁éyedʰh₂we *ǵonh₁éyedʰh₂we *ǵonh₁éyēdʰh₂we *ǵonh₁éyoydʰh₂we
    3rd plural *ǵonh₁éyontor *ǵonh₁éyonto *? *ǵonh₁éyōntor *ǵonh₁éyoyro
    Participle *ǵonh₁éyomnos

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *kanjaną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́anHáyati

    References

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 163
    2. ^ Grestenberger, Laura (30 August 2023), “Sound Change and Analogy, Again: Brugmann's Law and the Hunt For O-Grades in Indo-Iranian”, in Transactions of the Philological Society[1], volume 122, number 1, John Wiley & Sons, →DOI, →ISSN, page 86
    3. ^ Paul Kiparsky (2010), Compositional vs. Paradigmatic Approaches to Accent and Ablaut[2], Stanford University, page 13