Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twinaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *twinjaz

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *dwinos (“twin”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).[1] Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, “twin”). Piecewise doublet of *twiznaz.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈtwi.nɑz/

    Adjective

    *twinaz

    1. double, two each

    Noun

    *twinaz m

    1. twin

    Inflection

    Declension of *twinaz (masculine a-stem)
    singular plural
    nominative *twinaz *twinōz, *twinōs
    vocative *twin *twinōz, *twinōs
    accusative *twiną *twinanz
    genitive *twinas, *twinis *twinǫ̂
    dative *twinai *twinamaz
    instrumental *twinō *twinamiz

    Derived terms

    • *twinjaz
    • *twinilaz
    • *twinilingaz

    Descendants

    • ⇒ Old English: twin, twinn, tƿin
    • Old Frisian: twina, twine
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: *twenling
      • Middle Low German: twēlink
    • ⇒ Old Dutch: *twinling
    • Old High German: zwinal, zwenel
      • ⇒ Old High German: zwiniling
        • Middle High German: zwineling, zwinling, zwillinc
    • Old Norse: tvinnr, tvennr (< *twinjaz)
      • Icelandic: tvennur
      • Faroese: tvinnur
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenn, tvinn
      • ⇒ Old Norse: tvinnir (plural), tvennir (plural)
        • Icelandic: tvennir
        • Faroese: tvennir
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenne
        • Old Swedish: tvænne
        • Old Danish: twænnæ, twinnæ
      • ⇒ Old Norse: *tvinlingr

    References

    1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*twiznaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 414
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