Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *swurgō

Etymology

From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”).[1] Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).

Noun

*surgō f

  1. worry, care, sorrow

Inflection

Declension of *surgō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *surgō *surgôz
vocative *surgō *surgôz
accusative *surgǭ *surgōz
genitive *surgōz *surgǫ̂
dative *surgōi *surgōmaz
instrumental *surgō *surgōmiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu
    • Old English: sorg, sorh
      • Middle English: sorwe
        • English: sorrow
        • Middle Scots: sorow, sorrow
    • Old Frisian: sorge
    • Old Saxon: sorga
      • Middle Low German: sorge
        • Low German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)
        • Plautdietsch: Sorj
    • Old Dutch: sorga
    • Old High German: sworga, sorga
  • Old Norse: sorg
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)
  • → Proto-Finnic: *surku (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*surgō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 493
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