Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stūbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stūbaz (“stump”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈstuː.fi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stūbijaną^[1]

to make blunt or stubby; cut off, shorten

Inflection

Conjugation of *stūbijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*stūbijō	*stūbijaų	—	*stūbijai	?
2nd singular	*stūbīsi	*stūbijais	*stūbī	*stūbijasai	*stūbijaisau
3rd singular	*stūbīþi	*stūbijai	*stūbijaþau	*stūbijaþai	*stūbijaiþau
1st dual	*stūbijōs	*stūbijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*stūbijaþiz	*stūbijaiþiz	*stūbijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*stūbijamaz	*stūbijaim	—	*stūbijanþai	*stūbijainþau
2nd plural	*stūbīþ	*stūbijaiþ	*stūbīþ	*stūbijanþai	*stūbijainþau
3rd plural	*stūbijanþi	*stūbijain	*stūbijanþau	*stūbijanþai	*stūbijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*stūbidǭ	*stūbidēdį̄
2nd singular	*stūbidēz	*stūbidēdīz
3rd singular	*stūbidē	*stūbidēdī
1st dual	*stūbidēdū	*stūbidēdīw
2nd dual	*stūbidēdudiz	*stūbidēdīdiz
1st plural	*stūbidēdum	*stūbidēdīm
2nd plural	*stūbidēdud	*stūbidēdīd
3rd plural	*stūbidēdun	*stūbidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*stūbijandz	*stūbidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *stūbijan
- Old English: *stȳfan
  - ⇒ Old English: stȳfician
- Old Saxon: *stūvian
  - Middle Low German: stûven
    - German Low German: stuven (“to prune, trim”)
Old Norse: stýfa
- Icelandic: stýfa
- Norwegian Nynorsk: styva
- Swedish: styva
- Danish: styve, stye (dialectal)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*stūfjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*stūfjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 384

[1]