Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sleupaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen, a strong verb back-formed from the iterative verb *sluppōną, from a Proto-Indo-European *slewp- (“to slip, glide”), and cognate with Lithuanian įslupti (“to slip into”), Latvian šļupt (“to slip”).[1]

However, de Vaan reconstructs the root as coming from earlier forms *sleuppaną < *sleubnaną, and derives it from a Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“to slip, slide”), comparing Latin lūbricus (“slippery”).[2] If this connection is accepted, the root may have only belonged to a late western Indo-European dialect.[3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsleu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sleupaną[4]

  1. to creep, slink, sneak, slip (move quietly or stealthily)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *sleupaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sleupō *sleupaų — *sleupai ?
2nd singular *sliupizi *sleupaiz *sleup *sleupazai *sleupaizau
3rd singular *sliupidi *sleupai *sleupadau *sleupadai *sleupaidau
1st dual *sleupōz *sleupaiw — — —
2nd dual *sleupadiz *sleupaidiz *sleupadiz — —
1st plural *sleupamaz *sleupaim — *sleupandai *sleupaindau
2nd plural *sliupid *sleupaid *sliupid *sleupandai *sleupaindau
3rd plural *sleupandi *sleupain *sleupandau *sleupandai *sleupaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *slaup *slupį̄
2nd singular *slauft *slupīz
3rd singular *slaup *slupī
1st dual *slupū *slupīw
2nd dual *slupudiz *slupīdiz
1st plural *slupum *slupīm
2nd plural *slupud *slupīd
3rd plural *slupun *slupīn
present past
participles *sleupandz *slupanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *sleupan, *slūpan
    • Old English: slūpan
      • ⇒ Middle English: *slopen (past participle)
        • ⇒ Middle English: edslopen, etslopen, *atslopen
      • ⇒ Old English: āslūpan
        • ⇒ Old English: āslopen (past participle)
    • Old Frisian: *slūpa
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: sluupje, slupje
      • West Frisian: slûpe
    • Old Saxon: *slūpan
    • Old Dutch: slūpen
    • Old High German: sliofan, (northwestern) *slūfan
      • Middle High German: sliefen, *slūfen
        • Bavarian: schliafn
        • German: schliefen (archaic; displaced by schlüpfen < *sluppjan)
        • Luxembourgish: schlaufen
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (sliupan)

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sleupan- ~ *slūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454
  2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “lūbricus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 349
  3. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “?*sleubh-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 527
  4. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*sleupanan ~ *slūpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350

Further reading

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