Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skrapōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skrepaną (“to scratch, scrape”) +‎ *-ōną.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskrɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skrapōną

to scrape, scratch

Inflection

Conjugation of *skrapōną (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*skrapō	*skrapǭ	—	*skrapōi	?
2nd singular	*skrapōsi	*skrapōs	*skrapō	*skrapōsai	*skrapōsau
3rd singular	*skrapōþi	*skrapō	*skrapōþau	*skrapōþai	*skrapōþau
1st dual	*skrapōs	*skrapōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*skrapōþiz	*skrapōþiz	*skrapōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*skrapōmaz	*skrapōm	—	*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau
2nd plural	*skrapōþ	*skrapōþ	*skrapōþ	*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau
3rd plural	*skrapōnþi	*skrapōn	*skrapōnþau	*skrapōnþai	*skrapōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*skrapōdǭ	*skrapōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*skrapōdēz	*skrapōdēdīz
3rd singular	*skrapōdē	*skrapōdēdī
1st dual	*skrapōdēdū	*skrapōdēdīw
2nd dual	*skrapōdēdudiz	*skrapōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*skrapōdēdum	*skrapōdēdīm
2nd plural	*skrapōdēdud	*skrapōdēdīd
3rd plural	*skrapōdēdun	*skrapōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*skrapōndz	*skrapōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skrapōn
- Old English: sċrapian
  - Middle English: schrapen, scrapen (influenced by Old Norse)
    - English: scrape
    - Scots: scrap, scraip
- Old Frisian: *skrapia, *skrabia
  - Saterland Frisian: skraabje
  - West Frisian: skraabje
- Old Saxon: *skrapōn
  - Middle Low German: schrāpen, schrappen
    - German Low German: schrapen, schropen, schrabben
    - → Middle High German: schrapen, schrappen
      - German: schrappen
- Old Dutch: *scrapon
  - Middle Dutch: schrāpen
    - Dutch: schrapen
      - Afrikaans: skraap
- Old High German: *skraffōn
  - Middle High German: schraffen
- → Old French:
  - Walloon: screper, crape
- → Walloon: crape, → Walloon: screper
Old Norse: skrapa
- Danish: skrabe
- Icelandic: skrapa
- Norwegian Bokmål: skrape
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skrape
- Swedish: skrapa

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skrapp/bōn- ~ *skarbōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skrapp/bōn- ~ *skarbōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1]