Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skamō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, but probably from pre-Germanic *skh₃-m-éh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“dark(ness)”).^[1] Related to Proto-Germanic *skandō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈskɑ.mɔː/

Noun

*skamō f^[1]

shame

Inflection

Declension of *skamō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*skamō	*skamôz
vocative	*skamō	*skamôz
accusative	*skamǭ	*skamōz
genitive	*skamōz	*skamǫ̂
dative	*skamōi	*skamōmaz
instrumental	*skamō	*skamōmiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *skamu
- Old English: sċamu, sċeamu, sċomu, sċeomu
  - Middle English: schame, schome
    - Scots: scham, schame
    - English: shame
- Old Frisian: skame, scome, skome
  - Saterland Frisian: scame; (Skoomte)
  - (West Frisian: skamte)
- Old Saxon: skama
  - Middle Low German: schame, scham
    - Low German: Schaam; (Schaamd)
- Old Dutch: scama
  - Middle Dutch: schāme
    - Dutch: schaam (obsolete)
- Old High German: scama
  - Middle High German: schame
    - German: Scham
    - Hunsrik: Schaam
Old Norse: skǫmm
- Icelandic: skömm
- Faroese: skomm
- Norwegian Bokmål: skam
- Norwegian Nynorsk: skam
- Old Swedish: skam
  - Swedish: skam
- Old Danish: skam
  - Danish: skam
Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰 (skama)
→ Proto-Samic: *skāmō (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skamō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 439-40

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skamō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 439-40

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