Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *morh₂-éye-ti, iterative of Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“to grab, crush, squash”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑr.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*marjaną

to pound; crush; grind

Inflection

Conjugation of *marjaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*marjō	*marjaų	—	*marjai	?
2nd singular	*marisi	*marjais	*mari	*marjasai	*marjaisau
3rd singular	*mariþi	*marjai	*marjaþau	*marjaþai	*marjaiþau
1st dual	*marjōs	*marjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*marjaþiz	*marjaiþiz	*marjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*marjamaz	*marjaim	—	*marjanþai	*marjainþau
2nd plural	*mariþ	*marjaiþ	*mariþ	*marjanþai	*marjainþau
3rd plural	*marjanþi	*marjain	*marjanþau	*marjanþai	*marjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*maridǭ	*maridēdį̄
2nd singular	*maridēz	*maridēdīz
3rd singular	*maridē	*maridēdī
1st dual	*maridēdū	*maridēdīw
2nd dual	*maridēdudiz	*maridēdīdiz
1st plural	*maridēdum	*maridēdīm
2nd plural	*maridēdud	*maridēdīd
3rd plural	*maridēdun	*maridēdīn

	present	past
participles	*marjandz	*maridaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *marjan
- Old English: merian
  - Middle English: meren
- Old Saxon: *merian
  - Middle Low German: mēren
- Old Dutch: *meren
  - Middle Dutch: meren
- Old High German: *meren
  - Middle High German: meren, mern
Old Norse: merja
- Faroese: merja (“to hurt, knock, injure”)
- Icelandic: merja (“to squash, bruise”)
- ⇒? Norwegian Bokmål: mørje

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*merh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 440