Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōtaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A preterite-present derived from a secondary perfect of *mḗd-e-ti (“to measure, ensure compliance, take care of”): *me-mṓd-e (literally “to have measured, taken care of”).^[1] Alternatively, from the same root as *mōtą (“meeting”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈmɔː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*mōtaną

to be allowed, to be permitted to, may

Inflection

Conjugation of *mōtaną (preterite-present)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*mōt	*mōtį̄	—	—	—
2nd singular	*mōst	*mōtīz	—	—	—
3rd singular	*mōt	*mōtī	—	—	—
1st dual	*mōtū	*mōtīw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*mōtudiz	*mōtīdiz	—	—	—
1st plural	*mōtum	*mōtīm	—	—	—
2nd plural	*mōtud	*mōtīd	—	—	—
3rd plural	*mōtun	*mōtīn	—	—	—

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*mōsǭ	*mōsēdį̄
2nd singular	*mōsēz	*mōsēdīz
3rd singular	*mōsē	*mōsēdī
1st dual	*mōsēdū	*mōsēdīw
2nd dual	*mōsēdudiz	*mōsēdīdiz
1st plural	*mōsēdum	*mōsēdīm
2nd plural	*mōsēdud	*mōsēdīd
3rd plural	*mōsēdun	*mōsēdīn

	present	past
participles	*mōtandz	*mōsaz

Derived terms

^? *maþlą

Related terms

*mōtą (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *mōtan
- Old English: mōtan
  - Middle English: moten
    - Scots: mote, mot, moit
    - English: mote
  - ⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)
    - Middle English: moste
      - Scots: moste, most, moist
      - English: must
- Old Frisian: mōt (present tense)
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: mut
    Mooring: mötje
  - Saterland Frisian: moute
  - West Frisian: moatte
- Old Saxon: mōtan
  - Middle Low German: môten, moste (past)
    - German Low German: möten
    - → Old Swedish: most (late)
      - Swedish: måste
- Old Dutch: muotan
  - Middle Dutch: moeten
    - Dutch: moeten
      - Afrikaans: moet
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: mu, muti
      - Negerhollands: moet, moe, mo, mut
      - → Sranan Tongo: moe
    - Limburgish: mótte
- Old High German: muozan
  - Middle High German: muozen, müezen
    - Alemannic German: müese, müesse
    - Bavarian: miassn
      Cimbrian: missan
    - Central Franconian: mösse, mosse, moße (Ripuarian; older forms), misse, mieße, muße, moße (Moselle Franconian)
      - Hunsrik: misse
      - Luxembourgish: mussen
    - German: müssen
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: misse
    - Yiddish: מוזן (muzn)
    - → Old Czech: musiti, musěti
      - Czech: muset, musit
      - → Old Polish: musieć, musić
        Polish: musieć, musić (Middle Polish)
        → Kashubian: mùszec
        → Slovincian: mùszec
        Silesian: musieć
        → Old Ruthenian: мусити (musiti), мусѣти (musěti), мусꙗти (musjati)
        Belarusian: му́сіць (músicʹ)
        Ukrainian: му́сити (músyty)
      - → Slovak: musieť
⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *med-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 423
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mōtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *med-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 423

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*mōtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372

[1]

[2]