Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwernuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gi̇̀rna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkʷer.nuz/

Noun

*kwernuz f

  1. millstone
  2. handmill; quern

Inflection

Declension of *kwernuz (u-stem)
singular plural
nominative *kwernuz *kwirniwiz
vocative *kwernu *kwirniwiz
accusative *kwernų *kwernunz
genitive *kwernauz *kwirniwǫ̂
dative *kwirniwi *kwernumaz
instrumental *kwernū *kwernumiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu
    • Old Saxon: kwern, quern
    • Old Dutch: *kwern
    • Old High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn
      • Middle High German: kurn, kürn
  • Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus) (in 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (asiluqairnus))

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*kwernu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
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